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Ukubuya Kwezi-FOB Zitesi
Yini Nga FOBS Tesingi kunye nesikhathi Siphumelele
Ukushicilela umoya omkhulu wamabala emihle (FOB - Fecal Occult Blood) uyisingxolo esisodwa esedluleyo ethunyelwe ukukhombisa umoya omkhulu ophakathi komphalo, okungaba isibonelo sokuqala sokugcina kwezinyathelo ezinjengama-gastrointestinal, phakathi kolokhi kukoloni cancer. Isiphumo sokuqala sokushicilela umoya omkhulu wamabala kulandelayo ukuhlawula ukubuyiselwa nokuthatha ukusuka kwemibuzo eyahlukene kuhlu lokusebenza kwezindaba zokususa. Ukuphumelela kakhulu kulesi sihloko singaphezu kwalokhu; amaphuzu amancane kuncono amaningi lokulandelana nesiphumo sokwesethembiso sokumuntu. Ukuphumelela ngokuphakamisi kakhulu kunesiphi esikhulu sekufundiswa ekwesekwayo lokuhlola ukuthi izinhlobo zokugcina zazizame ukuthi zikwazi ukukhombisa iindlela zokuthi zingezantsi elangeni lokusebenza. Ngokuxhasa, izimbongi zithi ukuba xa ukushicilela umoya omkhulu wamabala uphumelele ngokuphakamisi kakhulu, ungene ukukhombisa usuku lwenani elangeni lokusebenza lokoloni cancer.
Ukugcina isampula ngempumelelo kufanele kube ngenxa yokuba ukusihlela kwezilungiselelo zokuhlola amandla. Izicatheyenti zokugcina umoya omphakathi ezinhleleyo neziphi zizikhono lokugcina izimpahla zomdlalo ephakathi zihlobene nokuhlola ukuthi zisafundze ukuze umphako wamandla. Ukusekelwa ngempumelelo kunye nokusebenza kuhloniphe iziphumo, ukusure ukuthi imibophezo yakulungiswa yakhetha ngendlela yokubaluleka kwesikhetfo somuntu. Ukusebenzisa isiwabu sokugcina izimpahla ephakathi sokumdlalo sokuthatha amandla kungaphandle komphilo okanye lokuhlola kuzifinyelela uphawu lokuhlola fob efanelekayo.
Ngaphambili kokuba Amasampula Akukhona Kuya Aphakade Imibophezo
Amasampula akhethi kakhulu akungavumelela amalunga okuthiwe ngokwesobukiso, ukuziphatha amalungelo engahlukene ngenxa lokho kanye nokuhlola okunamandla emzimweni. Izicatshulwa ezikhethiwe zihlaba izinsuku ezinomsindo zezisampula, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezifaneleyo nezinhlahla ezidingekayo. Ngokushesha, isikhwama esingazibonisiyo sokugcina amashonaleni amafomu afomu lapho asetshenziswa kufanele sibonele umoya omkhulu obungavumelana nokuthiwe ngokwesobukiso, ukususa iimpahla elikhulu elingavumelekanga. Amalungu angahlukene ayilengako ukubonisa indlela yokuqala yokuhlola kwesimo sesonto sasebenzela, uzokususa umsebenzi olungayaziyo noma ukusuka kuhlobonisa izinto eziphawuliwe. Ukuphazamiseka kwezindlela ezikhethiwe ngazo kungabizwa njalo kumalunye ulwandle kunye nokusetshenziswa kwezindaba ezikhethiwe.
Amagumbi egciniwe kwindawo yokuhlala ekuthathweni iziphumo zokubheka ezikhoyo, njengamafomu amahhula esetshenziswa ukuze kuhlinywe ukusuka nokungabuyiselwa. Izibonelo zokuqala kweWorld Health Organization zingazama ukuba umthetho omphumeleleyo wesampuli wakhiwa ngokuphakeme ngekuphawulayo kokubhedlayo. Iziphumo ezithathelwe ngempumelelo zizidinga ukuba zikholeleke izibonelo eziphawulayo, lokhu kuzimelela ukungavumelanisiwe okuhlaleni basebenzela nokugcina. Ukukhetha lezi ziphumo ezincinci ziqhubeka ukubuyekeza ukubuyiselwa kwemibhedlayo, ukwakhiwa komphathiso womncedzo wokubhedlayo kunye nokuphawula kakhulu lwehlathi lwesihlalo.
Ubungakho Bucopho Lwendawo Yokuthatha Isipheni
Ukukhetha Amacopho Akhonzeki AmaFOB Afomu
Ukusebenzisa amacotshi yamanje esikhethweni kwiseva lokulima iFOB ngokubhekisele ukuhambisana komphendulo wamaphrofu nokufika emasincaneni okuncane. Amacotshi angahluke amagqabi engakhiweyo nokuphakamiswa okungakuvumela ukusuka ngeemfene nokuthathwa. Kuningi lapho uzikhetha amacotshi asesikweletu esizenzelwe ngokubheka iziphrofu, ngoba usukwini wesintsho sakhetha umphendulo wamaphrofu ngokusuka kwindaweni yokuhlola elilaboreti. Izithombo ezinomsebenzi zonke iningiza amacotshi efanayo neentsha lokho, ukugcina amandla apho abasebenzisi bahlola. Iziphumo ziphawulekile kakhulu xa omsebenzisi zikhetha amacotshi amaphandle kwabantu obhekelwe ngokubheka iziphrofu, lokunyeleyo leziphumo. Ngoko ke, ukukhetha icotshi elikhethwayo yinto yokulandelana ngeensurety yezitshixo ze-FOB.
Indlela yokuhlola kakhulu kuhlanganiswa nokuhlola
Izichathaniso ze-Fecal Occult Blood (FOB) ezilandelwe ukuhlukelela izindlela zokuhlola amasampula wamashumi aphantsi, ukusureka ukuthi amasampula angaziphambili. Isikhundla esikhoyo sifakelwa ngokubanzi nge-tube yokuhlola ngecap elingezisekileyo kunye ne-swab yokuhlola, ifanekiso yehlukene ifanele yesikhundla sokuhlukela isikhombiselo somphilo. Ukusebenzisa izikhundla zakho zikuphumelela ukuthi akuziphi indlela yokubala nokuthi amasampula angaziphambili. Ngokwesibonelo, ukufaka kwezindlela ezidingekileyo zokuhlukela isikhombiselo somphilo phambi komhlaba lokuhlola kungapheli kunokulandela amalayithi amahlukeleyo ngokugcina imibhalo engaziyo. Ukufakwa kokuthi kube ngokuthabo kuhlukelela isikhombiselo somphilo sokuthi FOB.
Umbiko Womvume Wezinye Izindlela Zokuhlola Amasampula
Amaphrofethi Aphaqamende YokuQala Ukudla
Ukugcina uhlamvu ngemva kwezikhelo zokususa izibophelelo ezifanayo kufanele luhlameke ngempumelelo ukuvikela isiphumo sokuqhashwa. Izimvumulo eziphathelene ngeuhlamo zihlukile ukubuyiselwa ngempumelelo ukusebenzisa amandla. Lezi zinto zihlukile ukuthi uzisebenzise umoya omphakathi nokulala emanzini phambi koncedo nechwebeni lokususa, kunye nokusebenzisa amagama amadalu kanye nokuhlinza yonke ilayithi lesisimo sokususa. Umthetho wabahlu wakwenzeka ukusebenzisa amabhulu, ukusebenzisa amathuluzi akhawulekileyo lokususa namandla, kunye nokuhlola ukuthi le ndawo yokususa ungaphantsi kwegumbi elingaphantsi. Iindlela ezilandelwe zizoba ukuba zidinge imibono yakho yokuhlola ukuthi ukugcina kakhulu kwezinhlobo zakho zomhlamo zikuphinde ziqinisekisa uphawu lwesibophelelo sokuthi zihamba ngempumelelo, ukucacisa lokho iphambili lokuhlola. Ukusebenzisa kakhulu kwezinhlobo zakho zomhlamo zihlukile ngokushesha ukwenza ukuthi ususo lwesibophelelo selungaphansi kunye nokungafunekako ukususa, okuningi lokhu kukudinga ukuthi ususo lwesibophelelo sihlola ngempumelelo.
Ukusebenzisa Ngangcono Zokususa FOB Ngempumelelo
Ukusetshentela kakhulu kwezindlela ezifanele zokugcina ukuhluka kwezwiwezo lomphilo lokuhlola amasampula nokuhlola. Kufuneka uzange usowuphiwe ngendlela eyahlukileyo, njengokuhamba ngokubheke ukufaka iswabu phakathi komphilo wamashumi amatsha nokuqinisekisa ukuba akho ubungakanani ofanele oluthiwe yezotestwa. Izinsuzo ezincinci ziyinto lolunikezelwe ngaphandle okanye ukuseta kakhulu, ababini babekuxhasa ukuba bazinge lembala elikhoyo ngenxa yokulayishwa kokuthi amasampula angazithathelwa ngokuphumeleleyo. Ukusebenziswa kakhulu kwezwiwezo zisukele ukuba umfundi wezwiwezo nokuthiwe zingaqinisekise. Ukusetshentela kakhulu kwezwiwezo zakuhlola ukuya kuze amasampula azikolelwe ngokuphumeleleyo, apho ayiziphumseleli zayo kuhlola labasebenzi.
Ukucubungula nokuhlola Amasampula Ngemvume Akuhlolwa
Ukuseka kwaye ukusihlaliswa kweziphutha zikumbi zikhoyo lokuvavanya uhlamvu kunye nokuhlola ukuxhasa. Ngemuva kokubhala, seke amasampula ngokugcineni ngecap okuthuthukisiwe noma yomphetheli wesealing wokuseka ukungakholwa ukuphuma kunye nokuhambisana. Amasihlaliso angadinga imigomo ephakeme njengamanani wezindlela, umlando wesampula kunye nomhlanje wokuvala. Umthombo omphumeleleyo wesihlaliso luyahlukanisa ukubaleka kunye nokulindela iimakhayelo. Iesitathisi zikhombisa ukuthi amasihlaliso akuziphiwe kufanele aziphathwe kanye nokusetshenziswa somsebenzi. Ukusetyenziswa kwesinye isimo sikuhlukanisa ukuba iziphutha ziziphiwe ngempahla kunye nokusetshenziswa somsebenzi.
Izicatshontfo Ezikhona Lokuncedisiwe Kwi-FOB Testing
Amaphuthusi Amanqaku Ngokubhala
Ukubhala okuvamile ngokuhlukelela amasampula ngalokhu ifanele yindlela ezikhulu ezingabhedekela ukuthi umnotho wamasampula wagqibele. Lokhu kungabona xa amasampula anguqukethe ngokuphezulu ngeenkinga esethweni akukholiswe, noma xa amasampula aphoqweni nokuthi babhalise izinto ezinikelene. Ukukhangelwa kokuvamile kungakwazi ukuba zingavamile imibhalo yesithathu, lokhu ingafinyelela ukuhlawulwa komphendulo. Ukusebenzisa amandla asempilo abaningizimu kufanele azibalele iindlela ezidingekayo, njengoba ukusetshenziswa kweendaba zakugcino, amandla akukholiswe, kunye nomncedo weencwadi zokusetyenziswa kwiimbali yamasampula. Ngokwesicelo sokuthiwe yimpendulo CLSI M40-A2, ukusebenza ukuguqula nokuhlola kwamanje kufanele ukusuka ukuthiwe umnotho wamasampula wagqibele.
Ukugcina Okudumelelwa Kweentube Yamasampula Yomfula
Ukugcina kumbutho luyahlukele ngokubanzi ukufinyelela okuthile kwezicala zokulayisha izinkozo zomkhuhlane. Izicatshulwa ezikhonzayo, njengezandla ephakathi okanye ukusetyenziswa kwesithathu sengxenyeni, zingabhedeka amasampula nokuthi zabelana noma ukuhlawulwa okulinganiswayo. Umoya wocutshwayo lweCary-Blair, olungayityelelwa ngokukhulu kwiincwadi zakho, uzilungiselela iimfanelo yeenteric ngokubanzi namandla kunye nobuciko obuchaze. Abantu abamthethisiwe kwindawo yokuhlola kusebenzela ukugcina izicala zokulayisha amakhuhlane ngendawo engaphakathi, endaweni yezinkomo ezinconywa ezinhlobonhlobo elizweni lokunquma 2-8°C ukuvumela ukugcina iindlela zokuphumuleka kwezi ncwadi zokuphepha ukuthi zikhona ndlela edingekayo. Ukubhekisisa izinkinga zokugcina, njengokuba kuzo amandla amancane yokugcina, ifaka amandla amahlukileyo njengokusetshenziswa kweememe zokugcina emobilini, ozokulindiza imigomo eyenziwe ngokubheka.
Amaphrakatshi Amanje Thina Lokuhlola Amasampula Womkhuhlane
Ukudibanisa Isitemperatsha Ngokubanzi Lokuhlola Amasampula
Ukugcina isilungiselelo esethweni kuhluke kusenzo lokuhlola amasampula akwesintshane. Ukuphatha kwezilungiselelo uzifuneka ukugcine ukusiphophothwa kwezintshane, okungakhoze kube ngaphandle kokuthi zizohluleze ukuhlolwa okubonisa. Kunezinye ezikhoyo ukuba amasampula azithumele ngemvume 2-8°C ukuvumela ukuphakamisana kwabo. Ukusebenzisa amacotshini omkhulu neziphakhe eziyindiza kufuneka uzihlinzele isilungiselelo sokuqondisiwe ngalokhu olungileyo. Ukudlatshisela kwezilungiselelo zezinye izidinga ukulandelayo kungabikha ukuphathiswa kwezamasampula, ukungabikha ukuzibuyisela imizamo yezidlalo. Ukugcina amandla amahle kwezindlela zokuphatha kwezilungiselelo kukusetshenziswa ngokukhona ukuba ubuciko besebe nokuphathelwayo kwezilungiselelo zakwesintshane.
Ukulandela Ngendawo Yokusetyenziswa
Ukuthi amasampula angaphambiliwe ngokugcino kwiqhopho lwezilungiselelo zokubheka kuyinto ephakeme yokufika ngezilungiselelo ezikhoyo. Ukusuka kwezilungiselelo zokuthuthukisa ziqhopha izimbali ezifanele nokuthi zibonise umthetho wokubheka, okungabonakaleyo ukuthi ubhekisana nomculo wezinhlanga zikuphela. Iindlela zezilungiselelo ezidingekayo zithi ukuthi imizuzwana yezilungiselelo ezinamandla ziyahlukele ngokulandelana nezimali ezincinci lokuthi zingene ngezinye izindaba ezihlabelekelwa. Izindlela zokuthuthukisa kuhlukele ukuthi abasebenzi bakuhle besikhwembiso bakhethelwe nokuthi iintshukumo zihlaziywe. Lendlela leyiye kuhlukele ukuthi abasebenzi basebophefumulo bazibonele amanani amadladla, futhi ukuthi aziphumeleye amandla nokuhlola kwezinhlanga.