Yini okwenza ukuthi iphutha eliphezulu lihlukane kumsebenzi wemithu?

Ubuchwepheshe Bekuphakamisa: Indlela Yomphutha Wokugcina Nokukhula Kwesifunda Sokugcina Kuyadefinisa Ukusebenza Kwemphutha Ophakathi

Ubuchwepheshe Bekuphakamisa: Umphutha Wokugcina, Ubukhulu Bekuphakamisa Kwesifunda, Futhi Ukusebenza Kwemphutha

Ukuqonda kwezinkambo zokuphuma kuyadlula kubuso lwesikhombisa, kuncane lapho isibonelo sesihlangolesi siphakanyiswa phakathi kwezingu-15 nezingu-30. Lokhu kucacisa ukuthi kuyasebenza njani ekugcineni amathuba futhi kuyasebenza njani ekubhekiseni kwezinhlobo zokusebenza. Yini okwenza lokhu kubhekhile? Kuzoba kubonakala ngemithombo ukuthi kungabeka umthelela wokufaka ngapansi kweminyaka engu-40% kulokho okwenzekayo ngamakhono aledlule ngaphandle kokukhupha ubukhulu bocut edge lapho kubhekisana nesitshise. Kulezinto ezingaphansi kwezinkambo, abahleli bafaka izihlangolesi ngendlela yokuqondisa ngokusebenzisa i-electrochemical ukuze bakhulule izihlangolesi ezincane. Lezi zihlangolesi eziqondisiwe ziyasiza ukuthi izihlangolesi zihlange ngokushesha futhi zingabeki inkulumo, okunika izihlangolesi ezizwele emazibhaleni futhi zingabeki inkulumo kubantu abayisebenzisa izihlangolesi. Isidingo esinehlabathi esibalulekileyo kukuthi isihlangolesi sibeke kusobizo lwesikhombisa. Uma kunezinkinga ezincane kunezimicrometer ezi-5 kuhle kuhle, isihlangolesi singaqhubeka kusobizo lapho kuyasebenziswa ekufakweni kwezivinu. Lezi zinhlobo zokubhekisa kuzoba kuyasebenza njani uma isihlangolesi siyafaka ngokwesikhombisa kanye noma kufanele abasemthethweni bafake kabusha, okuyisibonelo sokuthi kungaba nokuthi kubhekiswe kwezinkinga eziningi ekuthinteni ukuthintwa.

Ubuncane bephakeme kanye nezinkulu zokuphatha: Ukuphula ukusakaza kwesikhathi sokufaka futhi ukugwala kwesithunzi

Ukuchaza kwezinye zizindlela zokusebenza kwemithombo kuyikuphela okuhambisana nokusebenza kwemithombo. Uma sifika emaqhakha amancane kakhulu (Ra engaphansi kwe-0.2 microns) ngamathuluzi njenge-abrasive flow machining, lokhu kunciphisa ukungabikho kwezinye zizindlela ngama-25 ku-30 percent ngaphezu kwezinye zizindlela zezinkampani. Lokhu kuthetha ntoni? Isibonelo esihle kakhulu sokuba sikhona isibonelo esingasindisiyo kakhulu kusiza ukugcina izinto ezincane zezincwadi zezincwadi uma kubhekwa imithombo ekufakweni emhlabeni. Kanti masibhekele impilo yomthombo. Amaphuzu ongena ngamandla angaphezulu kwe-52 HRC ayasebenza kahle kakhulu uma aphumelela kumaphuzu amabi njengezinye zizindlela zezincwadi zezincwadi. Uma sibandlukanisa lezi zimbili izinhlaka, sibona izinhlaka zokusebenza kwezinhloso. Izirhabo zibonisa ukuthi kunezimithombo ezingu-18 percent ezingaphansi kwezimithombo zokufaka ngaphakathi kwezinye zizindlela, futhi kunezimithombo ezingu-31 percent ezingaphansi kwezimithombo zokuvula kwezinye zizindlela zezincwadi zezincwadi kwezirhabo zokuzivikela. Lezi zinombolo ziyagcina ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu kwezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu kwezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu kwezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu kwezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu kwezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu kwezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu kwezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu kwezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu kwezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu kwezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu kwezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu kwezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu kwezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu kwezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu kwezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu kwezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthi kunezinkinga ezingaphansi kakhulu kwe......

Amathikhi Owesikhundla Esizwe Ngokuphelele Kwenkqubo Yokubhala Kwemithambo Ne-Isibonelo Sokusebenza Ngokuphelele

I-Stainless Steel vs. I-Nitinol: Ukuthinteka, Ukukhathazeka Kwemithambo, Nokuxhumana Ngokuphelele Nokungabi Nge-Latex

Ukukhetha izinkulungwane zikhuthaza kakhulu ukusebenza kwezinkampani zokusebenza kwezincwadi zokugcina isikhathi eside. Isitayinilesi yisiliva yasebenzisa ngokujwayelekile ngoba iyadala kakhulu ukuze isebenze ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ayikhiyeli indawo yokufunda. Ngaphakathi kwaleli, izilimi zika-Nitinol zinezinkinga ezithile ezingenabona - zingakubuyela kuvela kwazo isimo sokuphakama kahle nakuba zizibheka noma zizigqamuka emaphrojekthini amaningi endaweni yomphakathi. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi lokhu ukuzimela kucindezela isivumelwano sokugcinwa kwezinyawo zokuvula ngaphezu kwezinhlanzi ngeminyaka yezinkulungwane zokuphakama ngaphezu kwezinhlanzi zokuphakama kahle, okunakekha isivumelwano sokugcinwa kwezinyawo zokuvula ngaphezu kwezinhlanzi ngaphezu kwezinhlanzi zokuphakama kahle. Izinkulungwane zombili zihlinzekile kusendleleni yokubusa izinkinga zokugcina kwe-latex ngokusebenzisa izinkulungwane zokugcina ezisebenzisa kwi-polymer ekufakweni kwazo. Lokho okuzimelela kakhulu u-Nitinol yinkulungwane yokubusa ukugcina kwezinkinga zokugcina, okunakekha ukuthi akukho izinkinga zokugcina zokufuna kuma-fluids omuhle wokugcina, lapho izinkulungwane ezingenabona zingathola isiphumo. Isiqondiso sakwesibili sisebenzisa ukuchitha kwe-electro ukusula umgodi wokugcina ngaphezu kwe-0.1 microns ngokuvamile, ukunceda ukuthi zonke izinkulungwane zizimela ngokuvamile kuma-tissues ngaphansi kwe-0.3 Newtons yokuquketha kuzo zonke izindawo zokugcina.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-ISO 10993 nokulungisa isibonelo sokubaluleka kwezinkinga zokuphazimula kwezinto ezihlukene kwizinto zezinsuku zezinye

Umbono wokubaluleka kwezinto zezinsuku zezinye uyaphinda ukhona ngaphezu koko kuphela kokungahleli kuzo kumthwalo. Nakho imithwalo yezindaba zokuhlanganiswa kwe-ISO 10993-5 iyayikhetza ukuziphatha kakhulu ngokugcina izinto njengezikhungo zokubeka amaseli, izinkinga zokuphazimula, nokukhanya kwezinyawo, umsindo wokuphatha kwabantu abangaphila kufanele ukwenziwa ngokuphathelene nokuthi kungabikho izinkinga zokuphazimula. Uyisibonelo sesilayidi yesithili esinamagama amanqanqani, njengokuthi kunezilayidi zokuphazimula ezingaphila ngamagama amanqanqani, lezi zinto zidinga izinqumo zokuvimbela okulinganayo ukuze zilungise isibonelo sokuphazimula kubantu abangaphezu kwe-12 percent abaphila ngokuphazimula kwezinto zezinsuku zezinye. Abakhi beshushu abaningi kulo msebenzi bayasebenzisa izinkotha zezinkotshani ezintathu ezivimbela ukuthi ukusuka kwe-nickel kube phansi kwe-0.01 mikrogamu ngasentla yomphakathi, okuyisibonelo esingaphansi kwe-0.4 mikrogamu esihambisana nezinkinga zokusebenzisa kwezinto zezinsuku zezinye. Ukuchazela ukwahlukanisa kwezinto zezinsuku zezinye nokulungisa kwezinyawo ngokujabulisa kuyaphinda ukuthi kususwe kabanzi izinkinga zokuphazimula ngokwemiphakathi yezindlela zokusebenzisa izinto zezinsuku zezinye ngokwemiphakathi yezindlela zokusebenzisa izinto zezinsuku zezinye.

Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezinhlelo Zokuvikela: Ukunciphisa Izimpilo Zokuphuma Kwemipuka Ngamaphepha Amanezi Okuphuma Ngamaphepha Omuhle

Amaphutha esikhumba kusobala kuyisimo esikhulu kubantu abasebenza emsebenzini wokuhlela amehluko e-USA. Amaphutha ase-Centers for Disease Control ayibhalisa inombolo ngaphezu kwezinkulu zezintathu amashumi ayisithupa ngonyaka. Uma umuntu aphuthwa, uyaphila kumaphutha okuhlela amehluko njengokuhlela amehluko we-hepatitis B, C, futhi noma- HIV. Kanti masibeke phakathi kwamazwi okufuna imali. Ngokwesibonelo sika-OSHA, ukulungisa lezi ziquketho ziyathatha izinkulu ezintathu ngalokho kuzo zonke iziquketho. Lokhu kuyakhula kusheshile kuzo zonke iziquketho zonyaka. Kusukela kwezinye izinhlelo zemaphutha ezintsha, kubhekwe kwezinkulu zezimfihlo. Lezi zinhlelo zemaphutha zezintsha ziyabhalwa ngamaphutha okuphutha okunamandla okusebenza ngokuzenzakale. Khumbula izinhlelo zokubuyela emuva ngokuzenzakale noma amashidi ozokuphutha okuzokuphakamisa ngokuzenzakale uma mphutha iphutha. Izinhlelo zokuvikela ngokuzenzakale zihlinzekile kumaqondiso ophansi apho abasemthwakweni bafuna ukusebenzisa ngokuzenzakale izinhlelo zokuvikela. Ngokuzenzakale, akukho mhlawumbi wokubhala izinqumo eziningi, okuyisibonelo sokuthi kuyizinhlelo zokuvikela ngokuzenzakale. Izifundo zemilayini zibonisa ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zokuvikela ngokuzenzakale ziyabeka amaphutha esikhumba kusobala ngaphezu kwezinkulu ezisigaba sesi-90% emisebenzini yomhlaba. Izinhlelo zokuvikela eziphambili kahle ziyabona iziqondiso eziningi zezinto eziphambili zokuvikela...

• Ukusebenzisa okuqondile kwezinyathelo ezinye , ukubusa ubuso bokuphatha ngokuzenzakalelayo
• Imithwalo yokuqiniseka ngokudala , ukunqoba ukubuyiselwa kwabanye amaphuzu
• Ukuthi kubonakaliswe noma kuchazwe ngokusho noma ngokukhona kwezinyathelo , ukuvumela ukuthi kubonakaliswe ukuthi kusetyenziswa ngokuphelele

Kodwa uma abahleli bakhiwa ubuso bokuphatha ngqo emidwezini yezinhlanzi zokusebenza, bangena kubuso obuhle kangako engaqondi kakhulu indlela abadokotela nabasemaphilweni babasebenzisa ngayo isikhathi esifanayo. Amahospiteli athi ayebe ashipha kulezi zinhlanzi zokuphatha eziyinkimbinkimbi zibonakalisa ukuthi kunezimpilo ezincane kakhulu ekuphatheni izinhlanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimali zabo azizihlukaniswe kakhulu ngokucleana emva kokugcina nokulwa kwezimali zokuphatha abantu abasebenzayo. Umdlalo wokuphatha izinhlanzi ngokuphelele wabika ukuthi amafasiliti okuphatha izinhlanzi kufanele sebenzise lezi zinhlanzi ngokwesiqephu sika-OSHA. Izikliniki nezihospiteli ziningi manje ziyabona imiphumela yokuphatha ngokuphelele njengokuzenzakalelayo xa zihlalanga izinhlanzi zokuphatha izifile nezokuphatha.

Ukusebenzisa kahle nokuhlaziywa kwezinhlanzi: Ukuvumela ukuthi zonke izinhlanzi zokuphatha ziyakwazi ukuthi zifanele kumahlawumbi okuphatha izinhlanzi

Ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe i-ISO 7886-1, ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi kungabi nempuma (ukungabi nempuma <0.2°), nokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokujulile kwezinhlanzi

Ukufollowa izindlela zokusebenza ze-ISO 7886-1 ngamaphutha wezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma......

• Amaphutha wezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokuphuma kwezinyawo zokup......
• Ukuzilungiselela kwezindlela zokusebenza ze-ASTM F1886 ngokuzilungiselela kwezindlela zokusebenza ze-ASTM F1886
• Ukuzilungiselela kwezindlela zokusebenza ze-5% ngalokho lokugcina ngalokho lokugcina

Amadiscrepanci asekwa kuzilungiselela kwezindawo zokwenza izinto ziyaphinda kuthiwa ngokuzenzakalelayo uma kubhala kune-±3% yokuvimbela, ukunika isibonelo sokuphepha kwesikhathi esifanayo nokuvimba kwezinye iziqu zeziqu zokufaka emhlabathini—izindlela eziphambili zokuvikela ukwakha kweziqu zemihlaba kanye nokugcina ukuthi ukuzilungiselela kweziqu zokufaka emhlabathini neziqu zokufaka iziqu zokubeka imithombo yeziqu zokufaka emhlabathini.

Ukuchaza Kwezinhloso Zokusebenza: Indlela Oyiphiyo Yeziqu Zokufaka Emhlabathini Iyakhombisa Ngokwaneleyo Ukuvikela Umuntu Nokuthi Ukuzilungiselela Kwemithombo Yeziqu Kuyasebenza Ngokuphelele.

Isibonelo Esincane: Ukuphela Kweziqu Zemihlaba Kukhula Ngamashumi Amathathu Namashumi Amashumi Ayisikhombisa Uma Kusetyenziswa Iziqu Zokufaka Emhlabathini Ezinconyelwe (JAMA Internal Medicine, 2023)

Amaphutha amahle kakhulu okukhupha akhona kuyasebenza kakhulu ekubeni kubhekwa iziphumo zomuntu osebenzisa. Umnye wokugcina ulwazi oluphathelene nesikhathi sasemva, owabhalwe ku-JAMA Internal Medicine, wabhekisa ngokwegcina ama-4,200 amandla, futhi wafindwa lokhu okuhle ngokufanayo nesikhombisa samaphutha. Uma abadokotela besebenzisa lezi maphutha amahle, kunezidingo ezingu-1/3 ezincane yokuthi umuntu afike emaphutheni (hematomas) kungezinye zezinhlobo zemaphutha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu badinga izindlela ezingaphezu kwezinye zokuzinikela ngokuphambili futhi bahlala bavuka kakhulu emva kokuthatha izindlela zokusebenzisa. Yini okwenza lezi maphutha kahle? Kuyinto leyo ukuthi banezikhombisa eziphathelene nesikhombisa esihle sokungena, esingakwazi ukususa izintlungo kumkhawulo, futhi isibhakabhaka sabo siyisikhombisa esihle kakhulu, okunika ubuncane bezigqamile kwezinhlobo zezinkambo zokuvula. Indlela enkulu yokuqinisa ukuthi ukuthola isibonelo esihle kusenziwa ngokulungile ngamaphutha amahle. Isibhakabhaka semithombo yalesi sikhombisa siyisikhombisa esihle kakhulu ukuze amakheli asinge kusondeza kubo futhi asizise isibonelo esihle. Abashayeli abaningi abafunda i-ISO 7886-1 bafunda ngokuphelele isibhakabhaka esifanayo (engenasimbi engaphezu kwe-0.5 degree) ukuze kube lula ukuthola isibonelo esihle uma kusenziwa isibonelo sokuhlola.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ubukhulu be-angeli yokubeka kwezindlela zokuphuma kuzo zingakanani?

Ubukhulu be-angeli yokubeka kwezindlela zokuphuma kuzo kuyaphakanyiswa phakathi kwezingu-15 nezingu-30, kubhekana nokuthuthukisa ukufika kwezindlela kanye nokuthuthukisa ubukhulu bokuphatha.

Ukuthi ukubheka kwesikhwama kusinika njani ukufika kwezindlela?

Ukubheka okuncane kwezikhwa (ngapansi kwe-micron) kunciphisa ukuthabatha kwesifunda ngemithambo ngemizuzwana yezingu-25 uye kwezingu-30, kunciphisa ukungafiki kwezindlela futhi.

Kungani amaloyi we-Nitinol abasebenziswa emazindleleni okuphuma?

Amaloyi we-Nitinol abasebenziswa ngokuthandayo ngokuthi banezinkundla zokugcina ubukhulu bokuthuthukisa nokuthi bangatholakali ngokuvutha, kunciphisa isibonelo sokuthi izihlangothi zemvula ziphinde zilahlekelwe emisebenzini.

Izindlela ezintsha zezindlela ziyacuncula njani izinkinga zokuphuma kwezindlela?

Izindlela ezintsha zezindlela zinezindlela zokubuyela emuva ngokuzenzakalelayo kanye nezindlela zokuhlanganisa ngokungatholakali, zicuncula izinkinga zokuphuma kwezindlela ngemizuzwana yezingu-90%.

Ukuthi ukuthola ukuvumela kwe-ISO kusinika njani umsebenzi emsheni wokwenza izindlela?

Ukuvumela kwe-ISO kubhekana nokuthi izindlela ziyafika emaqhelaneni emsebenzi yokuvumela ukuthi zibe nesigaba sokuvumela, ukuthi zibe yisikhala, nokuthi zibe nesigaba sokulahlekelwa, kubhekana nokuthi abantu bafikeleke kakhulu kanye nokuthi ukuthola iziphakamiso zokuzwa kwezinto ziyasivumela.