Hei whakamahere noa iho ngā kōpaki waewae nasopharyngeal mō te whakawhiti i ngā taumata tinana i roto i te nasopharynx. E hunga nui ana ēnei kōpaki mō te hoko i ngā pūnaha mai i te wāhi i raro i te ihu, e hiahia ana ki te kite i ngā rutu hāwanawana. Ko te whanonga tika he pūtētē roa me ngā pūmau kapokapoa, e tiakina ana ngā pūnaha katoa mō te hoko i ngā taumata tinana. Kua whakaatuhia e ētahi raraunga whakawehenga, ko ngā kōpaki waewae nasopharyngeal kei raro i te rahi rawa o ngā rutu hāwanawana i ngā mate hāone, mea nui he momo whakamahere pai hei whakauru i ngā whakamatakitaki hāwanawana.
Nō te mahi nui o ngā kōhure oropharyngeal ki te whakamātau i te raupōtiki me ēnei mate kē o te oropharynx. E whai ake nei ngā kōhure i roto i rānei i te harakeke rānei, neke ai te kino me te whakatika i te wā moe o te take matihiko. Kia whakaritea ngā ture mō ngā hāpori hauora, ko te mea nui he whakauru pai ngā taipu hei whakaea i te pūkana i te wā o te hanga. Ki te whakamahi pai me te hanga pai o ngā kōhure oropharyngeal, ka noho haumaru me te pai te hanga herehere o te karu.
He painga nui te whakamahi i ngā kōhure ā-wharawhara roto i te ihu hei whakaeke i te tika me te pai o te mahi. I whakatakoto hei kite i te tūranga tuatoru o ngā hāpai ihu, e tiaki ana i te pai, ka pai noa ki te whakamahia mo te whakamātau anōnui ki runga i ngā iwi rerekē. He tohutohu hoki te māramatanga, ko te whakamahi i ngā kōhure tuatoru e taea ai te kite i ngā raruraru hokohoko, ka hiki ano ki te tika o te whakamahere. Ko tēnei he pai nui te whakamahi i ngā kōhure ā-tuitoru mo te whakamātau ā-rotorua me te tirohanga hauora o te katoa.
Nā ngā kōrihi āmu i te mua o ngā hāngai he wētahi ka tino waihanga mea hei whakahaere, ā, e whiwhi ana i te pūmau i ngā horopaki whakamatau haere. Ki te pai rawa te hangarite mō te hunga whakamahi, ko ia te mea matua hei whakamahia mo te mahi ranei ki roto i ngā kete whakamātau i te kāinga, ā, kei reira te nui o ngā ara whakahaere me te taurite. Kua tohu ngā whakamātau rorohiko i te mea e taea ana e ngā kōrihi āmu i te mua te whakatuku i ngā putanga e pā ana ki ēnei o ngā momo kōrihi i roto i ēnei wā. Ko te wehewehe ake i waenganui i te wānanga me te paihere, he mea hē ki te whakaaro nei he tino pai ake te whakamahi mō te whakamatau taumata, inaianei i roto i ngā wā e hiahia ana ki te whakamahi.
I te whakamatau i ngā kōwhai mate, he nui te noho o te pūnaha. Ko ngā hukahuka hōhonu e pai ana i ngā hukahuka kapua whakarite, i runga anō i te wehi me te itinga i te whakaiti i ngā take whakamamae. Hei dāta, ko ngā pūnaha pērā i te nylon me te polyester i whakaatu ai i tō rātou ahurea kōhupu, e whakapai ana i te whakaputuaki wai. Ko tēnei āhuatanga he mea nui rawa i te whiwhi i ngā putanga tohu matatika. No reira, ko te FDA e whakaaro ana kia whakaaro ki te whakaaetanga pūnaha, nō reira ka noho nui ki te whai i ngā pūtake whaimana mō ngā whakataunga whakamātau mate. Ko tēnei mahara ki ngā momo iti e tirotiro ana kia ēngari ngā kōwhai e whakamahi ana ka taea te hanga me te haere mai i ngā taumata me te kore whakapae i te mana o rātou.
Te whakangāhau o te tahuhu toipū he mea nui tōnui e whakaaro ana i ngā āhuatanga me te haumaru. Nā te mea ko ngā toipū pai hei whakanui i ngā tahuhu nui, e tino waimarie ana ki te kawe i te huarahi, ā, e whai haurua ana i ngā pūtanga whakarongo hei whakamutu i te whaiherehere i ngā mataki ki roto i te wāhi kohikohi. Ki te rangahau, ka riro iho te mana maranga o ēnei tahuhu hei whakaiti i te uiui o te mokemoke i te wā e kohi ana i ngā taumata. Ko tēnei e whakapai ana i te waihanga o te hunga whakarite me te whakapai hoki i te hīnganga kohinga. Mā tēnei, ka whai take nui te tahuhu pai whakangāhau ki te whakatika i te mahi o te toipū, e taea ana te whakamahi i te haumaru i waenganui i ngā whakamātau ā-wheako.
Ko te mōhio ki te whakarite o ngā kōrere me ngā rāhi haere, pēnei i ngā poaka kohukohu, he tino hēkiro mō te whakamahinga i te mana o ngā taumahi. Me whakapūmau ēnei rāhi ki te āhua o te taumaha mai i te huihuinga ki te tae atu ki te kōwhiringa. Ka whakamanawaia e ngā mahi o te kōwhai nui te take o tēnei, e whakaū ana i te hiahia mō ngā kōrere ā-matihiko hei whakarite mo ngā poaka whakahoki e hiahia ana koe kia pai ai ngā hua o ngā whakamatakitaki. Kei te tono ngā kaiwhakapono, ka whakapākehāngia ngā kōrere e pai rawa ana ki ngā rāhi whakahoki kua tohuia hei whakangungu i ngā hua pai. Ko te whakauru i ngā kōrere me ngā poaka whakahoki e whakarite ana he mea nui kia tiakina ngā taumahi, ko ia nei te mea nui mō ngā mahi whakamatakitaki kia pai.
Te whakamana i te ture FDA he mea nui mō ngā kōwhai mate whakamutu hei whakarite i a rātou pai me te pūmau. Ko te FDA e whakahaere ana i tētahi putanga whakaae nui e whakamataurua ana i ngā raraunga pai ā-tinana me ngā taunaki pūnaha, mēnā ka whiwhi i ngā tūtohu. Ka tiakina tēnei take nui te hauora o ngā haere ki te whakapai ngā kōwhai kia meatia ngā paerewa hiahia. Heoi anō, me whai wāhi ngā kaihanga ki ngā whakahōnore whakarewa mai i te FDA, e whakaatu ana i ngā huringa i ngā whakamoe ture me te whakamahinga i ēnei tūtohu pai hauora nui.
Ko te whiwhi i te tohu ISO he mea nui, no te mea he whakamana tēnei i te whakaaro ngāwari o ngā mahi ki ngā paerewa tuatahi o te ao, ka whiwhi ai te whakapono o ngā kaiwhakamahi. Me rere ngā pūkengi ki te whai i te tohu ISO, me whai wāhanga ā-waha, ā, me whakaatuhia hoki te mōhio matangaro ki te pai rawa tonu hei whakamau i te utu o te tohu. I roto i te whenua o ngā rara hauora, ko ngā paerewa ISO he mea nui ki te whakamana i te pai, engari he mea nui hoki i te whakarite i ngā porihitanga whawhai anake me te whakarite i ngā porihitanga o te ao whānui, kia whiwhi ai ngā pūkengi i te aha nui ki te whakapono i te pai o o rātou mahi.
Ko te tohu CE he whakapono nui i te whakaae mai i ngā mahi tika, e whakaatu ana i te mea ko ngā mahi kua meatia ngā paerewa hauora, rite tonu, me ngā paerewa tiaki i te taiao o te whare herehere whakariterite. Kua kitea i a ia hei huarahi whai mana mō ngā whare waihi hoki i roto i ngā whenua o te Whare Herehere o te Iho Ropu, e whakamana ana i te whakaaetanga o ngā mahi ki ngā ture matua. Ko te tohu CE ka whakaae atu i te whakaaetanga, ā, ka whakamana hoki i te haere pai ki runga i ngā whenua o te Whare Herehere i te ao, e whakapakari ana i te noho matua o ngā tuhinga herehere mo te CE mō ngā hangaenga e hiahia ana ki te whakauru pai ki te whare herehere o te Iho Ropu.
Te whiriwhiria i waenganui o ngā kaihohourua matua me ngā pūtiti whakarite ā-wahanga he mea nui te whakaaro i ngā hokoawe rereke me te tūponotanga moni. Ki te mea ko ngā kaihohourua matua kei te noho, ka nui ake te hokoawe o te mōkē tuatahi-tuatahi ki te kore e whakahaere ana i tērā mea pai. I te wā tuatahi, ko ngā pūtiti ā-wahanga e hangaia hei paenga tiaki kia puta i ngā hokoawe, ko ia te taikoha pai rawa i ngā wāhi hinengaro. Whakahē ai ngā mana whaiora, ko te mea nui he whakaae i te kaiwhakarite i te hunga e whai take ana kia tutuki i te haumaru me te tūponotanga.
Ko te whakamana i te korenga i te wa e taea ana te whakarite i nga mahere taumata mo nga kapia horoi oranga. Me maranga ki nga painga o mua, penei i nga wāhi pai raweke me etahi atu paewhenua pai, hei whakamana i nga kapia i roto i nga whare rauemi. Ka taea te whakatū i nga ratonga tirohanga mo enei paewhenua hei tiaki i te korenga i te hoko i te take. He mea nui te hanga o enei tikanga, ina ka kitea he whakapae nui i te whakamana o nga putanga whakamatau, me te whakarere i nga matomo i runga i nga tikanga pai.
Te whakatinanatia i ngā tikanga pai mō te whakawehi i ngā kawe hūnga he mea nui ki te whakaiti i te āhuatanga o te tirohanga whakamahitahi i roto i ngā horopaki rongoā. Kei roto ia nei, te tirotiro whakaaro mo te whakamana i te tūtohi pono mo ngā kawe hūnga katoa, me te whakangungu i a ngā kaimahi hauora i runga i ngā tikanga whakanui. Nā ēnei mahi e piki ai ngā hoko i te whakamahitahi, me te whakapai i ngā hua mō te manaaki tangata. Ko ngā ture tikanga pai, i hanga e ngā whenua rongoā whaiaro, e whakamarama ana i te nui o te hiahia ki te whakarite i ngā ture nei hei whakamana i te whakawehi kawe pai me te noho tonu.
Tētahi hapa kei te whakamomori i ngā kaiwhakarite i te tirohanga o ngā pūtahi, he mea iti noa te kite i te pai rawa o te pūtahi me te roa, e hiahia ana ki te whakamahinga i te whakapuaki rite me te tirotiro pai. Ka taea te whakahē i te pai rawa o te whakapuaki me ngā pātai nui e puta mai nei i te whakamahi i ngā āheinga kaua e pai ana. Ki te whakatika i ēnei hapa, ka taea te whakawhiti kōrero ki ngā kaiwhakarite pūtahi, ka taea e rātou te whakamārama i ngā āheinga pai mō ngā momo pūtahi rerekē ki ngā momo roa.
Kāore ngā kaimahi hauora e āhei ana kia mōhio ki te nui o te mahi o te kōwhiringa pūmotu kauwhata, ināianei i ngā mahi whakamahara hauora whakamahara. Ka whakaaturia te pūmotu kauwhata i ngā pūtake hua o ngā mahi, whakangungu mai i ngā paunga kia pai ai ngā whakamātau tohutohu. I runga i ngā tikanga hauora, he mea nui te kōwhiringa i te hunga motuhake ki ngā huringa o te mahi hei whakamutu i ngā whakautu hē. Ko tēnei kōwhiringa pai ka taea te whakangungu i te haumaru tangata me te whakapai i ngā whakamātau.
He take nui e whai ake ana he kōwhiringa tītī moe i te āheinga moni, engari kaua e whakaarohia ngā huarahi whaiaro. Kei reira te whakapūmau i te utu i runga i ngā paerewa matua whaiaro, ka puta mai ngā uiui hauora nui, ka horahia ngā whakamatau me te mate kē ki te pūnaha whaiaro. Ahakoa he pai te āheinga moni i te wā tuatahi, ko te whiu moni o ngā pūnaha whakamatau kua hinga ka nui noa iho. Kōrerotia ana e ngā kaiwhakatika rēhita, kāore e taea te whakapau i ngā paerewa whaiaro mō ngā raraunga hauora, me whakaae ngā kaiwhakawhiti hauora ki enei paerewa hei tiaki i te oranga o ngā manuhiri.
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