Ukuqonda I-Swabs Yokuthenga: Isixhobo Esisiseko Sokubona Umphumela Wokuhlola

Umsebenzi Wokuhlola We-Swabs Ekupheleni Kwemiphumela Yokuhlola

Kungani Ukukhetha Kwe-Swab Kuyaphakamisa Ngqo Imiphumela Yokuqondisa PCR, Ukuthenga, Nokuhlola Okusiza Ngokushesha

Izinkulungwane ezisebenziswayo kubakwa kwezikhumba ziyaphatha kakhulu xa kufuna iziphumo zesifundo sezilungile. Izikhumba zesilika zezinkulungwane zokuflocka zihlola izinkulungwane zokuphakama kwe-15 ku-30% ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zokuzala kahle kusukela kwezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zokuzala kahle kusukela kwezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zokuzala kahle kusukela kwezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zokuzala kahle kusukela kwezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zokuzala kahle kusukela kwezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zokuzala kahle kusukela kwezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zokuzala kahle kusukela kwezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zokuzala kahle kusukela kwezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zokuzala kahle kusukela kwezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zokuzala kahle kusukela kwezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zokuzala kahle kusukela kwezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zokuzala kahle kusukela kwezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zokuzala kahle kusukela kwezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zokuzala kahle kusukela kwezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zokuzala kahle kusukela kwezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zokuzala kahle kusukela kwezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zokuzala kahle kusukela kwezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zokuzala kahle kusukela kwezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zokuzala kahle kusukela kwezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zokuzala kahle kusukela kwezinkulungwane zezinkulungwane......

Ukubonakalisa Kwempilo Yokwesibonelo: Ukusebenza Kwemithambo Yomzimba Wokuphuma Kweminye Yezinsizwa Kwisikhathi Se-SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR (Ukuhlanzwa Kwe-CDC/WHO)

Lapho ubhadane luqala, odokotela baphendukela kuma-nasopharyngeal flocked swabs njengethuluzi eliphakanyiswa yi-CDC ne-WHO lokuhlola i-SARS-CoV-2 ngezindlela ze-RT-PCR ngoba ayezibonakalise ekuhlolweni kwemitholampilo. Ucwaningo olwenziwa ezikhungweni eziningi olwalulandela izindinganiso ze-CLSI EP12-A2 lwabonisa ukuthi la ma-swab aqoqa i-RNA yegciwane engamaphesenti angu-34 ngaphezu kwama-polyester avamile. Lokho kusho ukuthi izivivinyo zaziphumelela kangcono ngama-20% ekuboneni izifo lapho amazinga egciwane ayephansi kakhulu (ngaphansi kwamakhophi angu-1 000 ngemililitha), okwenza umehluko ekuboneni iziguli zisuka nje. Ukwakheka kwesampula nakho kubalulekile. Njengoba zinemishayo eguquguqukayo namaphethelo akhiwe ngokukhethekile, zifinyelela endaweni efanele ekhaleni ngokuphindaphindiwe kangangokuthi cishe amasampula angu - 99 kwangu - 100 ayehlangabezana nezidingo ze - FDA lapho kuhlolwa imvume ephuthumayo. Nokho, ama-cotton swab asitshela indaba ehlukile. Ukuhlolwa okuzisebenzisayo kwabhekana nezinkinga cishe izikhathi ezingu-22%, okubangela ukubambezeleka ekutholeni imiphumela. Yonke le mininingwane ibonisa ukuthi kungani ukuklama kahle izinto ezibonakalayo nokukhetha izinto ngokucophelela kungemnandi nje kuphela kodwa kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izivivinyo zisebenza kahle.

Ukubaluleka Kwemithombo Yokuthenga Okuphelele

Ukubaluleka kwemithombo yokuqondisa kuyisibonelo sokugcina ukuthi imithombo iyasebenza ngokuphelele.

Ukuthi I-Flocked Nylon, I-Polyester, ne-Rayon Kuthinta Kanjani Ukubuyela Kwemithombo Yen-Nucleic Acid Nokukhupha Kwemithombo Yokuvimbela

Indlela okungayi kuzo izihlakani zokwenza isampulu sikhona ngokuphelele kuyisibonelo sokuthi indlela yokwakha amasurfesi awo ayiphikisana njani. Faka isibonelo sesihlakani se-nylon esiflocki, izihlakani ezincinci ziyadlula ngokuphakeme futhi zibuka izihlakani eziphansi ezinamandla ukubeka amaseli kahle kakhulu. Izivivinyo zelaboratori zibonisa ukuthi kungabhalwa konke lezi ziseli zepithelial noma kufuphi kakhulu, okuyisibonelo sokukhuluma kakhulu. Uma kusobala izihlakani zepolyester, bakhanya kakhulu izinto zokugena kwemvelo kunalokho okwenza i-rayon. Amaphuzu amaningi abonisa ukuthi ipolyester iyakhanya ngaphezu kwe-40 percent yezinto zokugena kwemvelo ngokwesibonelo sokuthi amasurfesi awo ayilinda amanzi. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba izinto njenge-mucin noma iziqhelo sezinhlobo zemakhemishile zingafika kakhulu. Kodwa i-rayon ibonisa isibonelo esihlukene. Indlela yakho yokuhlakanisa namanzi ibonisa ukuthi iyahlukumeza iziqhelo zezinkulungwane. Ngokwesibonelo somphu ophathelwe ngu-CLSI EP07, lokhu kungahleli kakhulu iziphakamiso zokuqondisa PCR, futhi kungabhekisela ku-66 percent kwezidingo zokusebenza kumaphuzu akhethekile.

Iziswabi zesiKotoni vs. Iziswabi zokuflocka: Ukuvunywa kwezinkinga zokubeka isiphambano kwe-PCR ngokusebenzisa izindikimba zaseCLSI neFDA

Iziswabi zesiKotoni zingena ngamaphuzu amaningi ngokuthi abhala izifili zesiCellulose futhi ngezinhlobo zokubeka isiphambano kwe-PCR:

Izindikimba zaseFDA ye-2023 zibhekise ngqo emiseni yeziswabi zesiSynthetic emva kokuphakanyiswa kwemisebenzi yokuqonda ukuthi iziglycerides ezingadlula zesiKotoni zihlukumeza umsebenzi waseTaq polymerase. Amaphrothokholi aseCLSI manje ayabika ukuthi iziswabi zokuflocka kufanele sebenziswe emiseni yezinkampani zokuhambisa amavirus ukuze zikhulule ukuthi kubhekelwe okungafanele.

Ukuqiniseka Kwemithambo: Ukubikisha Amaswabu Okusukuma Ngokufanayo Namasite Okusukuma

Imizindleko Yokuqondisa Isite: Kusuka Ku-Nasal Mid-Turbinate Ku-Urogenital Nokubikisha Kwesibhakabhaka

Ukuthola iziphumo zokuhlola okuhle kuyaphendula ngokuphakanyiswa kwe-swap yodwa engeyona ephakathi yezindawo zokugcina izithombe. Kukusiza ukugcina izithombe kwe-nasal mid-turbinate (NMT), izwap ziyadinga izihlangothi ezincane futhi izitip ezithile ngoba lezi zindawo ziyabonakala kakhulu. Ukubhalwa kuyisisekelo esikhulu ngoba ukubhalwa okubi kweswap kungahlela ukuphela kwesensitivithi yokuhlola phakathi kwe-15% kuya kuma-30%. Uma kufundwa ngokugcina izithombe kwe-urogenital, abadokotela bafuna izwap ozibonakalayo ngokuthi zibe nzima kakhulu ukuze zifike kude kodwa zibe nempilo yokuzimela ukuze asizange zibhaleke. Lezi ziyadinga izitip azizikhiphe amanzi kakhulu ukuze asizange zihlabe izelula uma kugcinwa izithombe kwe-cervix noma kwe-urethra, okuyisisekelo esinamandla kwe-FDA sokugcina izelula zokugcina izithombe ngokuphelele. Izwap ezisebenzisa kwe-mouth ziyasebenza ngamafibha amancane kakhulu ukuze zigcine izelula zokweshwa ngokuchaphazeka kodwa asizange zihlabe noma zilungise umuntu ukuthi aqonde amanzi angaphezu kwezinhlobo. Ngokulandela izindlela zokusebenza zika-CLSI, ukubhalwa kwe-swap ngokuphelele kwezindawo zokugcina izithombe zokushaya iziphumo ezingafanele ngokungafanele ngokuvumela ukuthi kunezithombe eziningi futhi zibe ngokuphelele ukuthi zingatholakali ngokuphelele.

Amaswabhi Okusampula Okuthathwa Ngokufakwa Kwamafutha: Ukuphatha Ngokuthatha Isampula Ngokuphelele Nokukhupha

Amaswab ethu esithembekileyo esinamathuba okusukuma izinto ezisemthwakweni zisishintsha indlela esithola ngayo amasampulu ngoba yasekelwe ngokuphelele kwezindlela ezinconywa ngokuphelele ukuthola amacellulari futhi ukubhala kakhulu. Amaswab athuluzi ayisisekelo asingafanele kakhulu manje. Lezi zintsha zinamafibha amancane we-nylon noma we-polyester ozokhanya ngokuphelele, zisenza izihlangothi eziphansi ezisukuma amasampulu kusheshana futhi zibhala ngaphandle kokuvula amacellulari kakhulu. Izifundo zezempilo zibonisa ukuthi lezi maswab azisukuma ngokuphelele ama-95% wokuthi zisukuma, okuyisikhundla esiphambaneni nezinkampani zezincwadi zokugcina izinkampani ezinconywa ngokuphelele, okuyisikhundla esiphambaneni nezinkampani zezincwadi zokugcina izinkampani ezinconywa ngokuphelele, okuyisikhundla esiphambaneni nezinkampani zezincwadi zokugcina izinkampani ezinconywa ngokuphelele, okuyisikhundla esiphambaneni nezinkampani zezincwadi zokugcina izinkampani ezinconywa ngokuphelele, okuyisikhundla esiphambaneni nezinkampani zezincwadi zokugcina izinkampani ezinconywa ngokuphelele, okuyisikhundla esiphambaneni nezinkampani zezincwadi zokugcina izinkampani ezinconywa ngokuphelele, okuyisikhundla esiphambaneni nezinkampani zezincwadi zokugcina izinkampani ezinconywa ngokuphelele, okuyisikhundla esiphambaneni nezinkampani zezincwadi zokugcina izinkampani ezinconywa ngokuphelele, okuyisikhundla esiphambaneni nezinkampani zezincwadi zokugcina izinkampani ezinconywa ngokuphelele, okuyisikhundla esiphambaneni nezinkampani zezincwadi zokugcina izinkampani ezinconywa ngokuphelele, okuyisikhundla esiphambaneni nezinkampani zezincwadi zokugcina izinkampani ezinconywa ngokuphelele, okuyisikhundla esiphambaneni nezinkampani zezincwadi zokugcina izinkampani ezinconywa ngokuphelele, okuyisikhundla......

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

• Iziphakade zokusebenzisa amaswabhi we-nylon aflokidi kuzo zokuphatha iziphakade zokuphatha izi-PCR ziyiphi? Amaswabhi we-nylon aflokidi asukuma izi-nucleic acids (15–30%) ngokuphelele kunezinye izithuthi zemifutha ngokusebenzisa ukuthi izifutha zazo zihlala ngokuphakeme, okuhleza ukusukuma kwesampuli futhi kuphula ukukhipha amadoda okuvikela.
• Ukuchaphazela kwe-rayon kunye nezincwadi zocotton kuzo zokuphatha isampuli kuyiphindeke? Amaswabhi we-rayon akuvikeli ukusuka kwezinsuku futhi abuyisa amandla okuhlala kwezinto ezingathandi ukubuyiselwa (ngokugcwele 98%), ngakho-ke amaswabhi we-cotton angafaka amadoda okuvikela njenge-calcium alginate okuvikela iziphakade zokuphatha izi-PCR.
• Kungani amaswabhi esithinti ayisithembekile kakhulu kunezincwadi zocotton kuzo zokuphatha izi-PCR ngokwesikhombiso sesikhathi samva? Amaswabhi esithinti asithembekile ngokuthi azinayo isibopho sokuvikela izi-PCR futhi asukuma isampuli ngokuphelele (≈95%), okuxhasa izinkinga zezincwadi zocotton njengezifutha zokusukuma futhi iziglycerides ezisemthwakweni zokuvikela umsebenzi wokuphatha u-Taq polymerase.
• Ukuthi isithuthi semaswabhi sisebenza kanjani ekuphatheni iziphakade zokudiyagnosis kwezindawo zokuphatha ezahlukeneyo? Amaswabu kufanele abhekwe ngokuphelele kuhlelo lwesikhundla esibhekwa kusukela kulo, njengokuthi amashafu amancane kubhekwa kwemphakathi yomzimba wendlela yokunqula noma amafibha amhlophe kubhekwa kwe-buccal, ukuze kube lula ukubhekwa nokungabhekwa okungafanele.