ukulanda Imibuzo Yobuso: Amalindekiso Akhawulekileyo Okusebenza Ngenkinga

Amaphutha Okukhangelwe Kwisihloko Songxolo Lwesampula Lesihlabathi

Ukuphumelela Izindlu Zokuhlaba

Ukugcina ukufundiswa nokuhlola okuthile kuhlu lokuhlola isampula sokuqala kukhangelela ukungabikhe umphathisi wokunyeleya nokuhlola amalungiselelo angahluke. Ukusetshenziswa kwamakefile ezisetyenziselwe kunye neentsingi zezindlela zihluke zihlukene ngokwesiqephu esizindliweyo ngamaxesha akusayinikele abantu abangasetyenziswa amakefile engaqondileyo. Ngokubanzi, umsebenzi wokungena amaphrofeshonali akhangelelwa. Izicwangciso zokungena nokubeka indlela yokusebenza kanye nezilimi zokubuya kwenzeleleyo zasebenzela amaphrofeshonali asebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kweesampula kuhlu kuhlanganisa ukumngeni womuntu nokuhlola ukuphucukeleyo kweesampula, futhi ukungena kweesampula.

Isikhathi Sesikhathelo Songxolo Lwesampula

Ukubala amagama okugcinwa kuhlula isiphumo sikhono lokusebenza kunye nezinye zokuthi ngokwesiphumo esidingeni kweentsambo zakho zomkhuhlane, uzokusenzela ukungcono kakhulu lwezi zilungu. Izibalo zithetha ukuthi ukuhlanganisa izantsambo ezindaweni ezinikela ngenqanawe yezizathu ezinikezeli imigomo yezintaba ezincinci zingakwazi ukukhupha uphawu olungileyo ngokukhululeka. Ngokushesha, ukufunda iintsuku ezinjalo nezinhloso zokusuka kweendlela zokuhlala kwemkhuhlane zakho zingakwazi ukusombulula izikhatsi ezidingayo yokuhlanganiswa. Abasebenzisi bazithandaza ukubalase ukuhlanganiswa kweentsambo nendawo yenkxaso yokusebenza yokunyelekile ukuzihlinza umkhondo wentsambo. Ngokuyenza ngokushesha lezi zintsuku, singakwazanga ukuba izantsambo zibe ngaphandle kwezinto ezinikezeli ukuthi umkhuhlane wakho uhluke ngempumelelo, usenzo lokuhlola lokudingekile.

Amaluzelo Amanqaku Ngenani

Ukufumanisa amandla okuphumeleleyo kwezicala zokulabula ngokubheka kuhluke amandla ezifaneleyo kusenzo zokuthi zikhona. Abanye abaphetheli phakathi bafumana ukuthi ukuhlala kushayela i-5 grams ye-fecal matter ukuze kube nenkinga yokuhlola okuningi, uzame laba amandla. Kodwa, isikhathelo sasimali esidingayo singachange ngenkinga le-analysi—ngakwesiphi, ukutesta kwe-microbiome lingachange nalokusebenziswa kwe-pathogen detection. Kuningi lokhu lokuqinisekisa ukuba kungaba ubuhle bezindlela be-sample bese kungabangako, ngoba lesi sihlawuleyo sikudinga ukukhangelwa kokuthi kungaba ubuhle bezindlela be-sample bese kungabangako, ngoba lesi sihlawuleyo sikudinga ukukhangelwa kokuthi kungaba ubuhle bezindlela be-sample bese kungabangako.

Amaphrofethi Asebenzayo Yamathefu

Amavuselelo Amabini Ngenqanawe Ngemililo

Ukusebenzisa amandla amahle nokuphumelela kwe-stool swab procedures angasetshentiswayo kunye namandla amahle ukuthi amaningi okudinga umthombo omphumeleleni wesimali. Isimo singasetshentiswa ngamabini amandla amaqhelekileyo apho abantu bayakhetha khona:

1. Ukuhlanganiswa : Bheka zonke iimateriale ezidingekileyo, phakathi kweziswabu ezisekeliyo, izicontainer zokubhala kunye neziindlela ezihlaleni khona.
2. Ukuhlola : Sibha hands thoku ngaphandle kwezinye zindawo ezinomsindo esikhulu, usebenze amaglobo amadupi ahlukene ukuvumela ukuhlukaniswa komunye umoya.
3. Ukubhala : Sebenzisa iswabu ngenqanawe, usenzenjalo ukungavamele noma ukungavumele ngesinye siphumo sokugcina. Bhala umbhulo wesintshontshi ngokushesha ngesintshontshi esingaphambili ngesiswabu esihlaleni khona.
4. Ukugcina : Phinda uphuma iswabu kunye nokuhlobene nge-container yasiswabu esisekelwe, sebenzisa kahle ukuseya ngendlela efanele ukuthi ushize usamphumane.

Ukubuyisela kwiqheleni lokugcina ukuze uhlale kakhulu kunenzekelo okuncane nokuzilungisa ukuphazamiseka. Ukufola amaninzi akhe ayiqhuba iyebo, ngokuhlala kakhulu ngezinto ezidingayo, ezoba bhekisisa izibophelelo zokudibanisa.

Ukulindela Iindlela Ezikhona Zikuphazamiswa

Izinsuzwano ezidluliswayo kwiqheleni lokugcina lomphilo wezintshontsho zokususa umva wokuqinisekisa. Izinsuzwano ezikhona ezidluliswayo ziyandima ukusetyenziswa kwesithathu. Izimbongi zithi lezi zinsuzwano zingabhedele phakathi komphilo wokuqinisekisa ngokubuyiswa imiphumela noma uphazamiswa kokuthi amasampula angacabange kakhulu ngaphambi kokubonisa. Abantu bayahlobene ngezinhlanga ezidingayo ngokuhle ngazo:

1. Ukusebenzisa : Ukucabanga ukuthi usuka ngeminyaka engaqondileyo emiphalambweni yezimpawu noma amasampula, okungakusetshenziswa amaphansi.
2. Ukusiphutha : Nhlobo lokugcina isampula kumthetho esibonakale; bheka amagidlineyo ngokwesikhatsi sokufakelwa ukuvamisa usizo lwe-sample.

Amathuluzi ophambili, njengevidiyo zokubizisa okanye izincwadi zokuthatha, zihlela ukukhumbulwa kakhulu komncedisi kunye nokuphucula iimputhi. Zingabangela abasebenzi, uzobuyise ukususa kunye nokuhlola amasampula okuhle kwezinto ezidluleyo.

Iindlela Ezidingiwe Yezilondolozi Zokusebenzela Swebhu Lwemkhize

Amathetho Amanje Amancane Ngenqanawe

Ukugcina ukuphakamisa kwezinhlobo zokuhlola izicatshulwa eziphakamiswayo ngokuthi amandla, okuyingxenye yomthwalo wokuhlola, lokungabizwa ngamahlaba, kuhluke kakhulu ukuze kuhlanganise amandla amahle nokubonisa umthwalo. Izithetho ezifundzwini ezihlukene zinezinye izinhlamvu zokuthi zibizwe ngenqanawe ukuthi zikhona ukususa nokuthi zikuphumelele umkhondo wokuhlola. Imininingwane yesihlanu eyayiphi ngaphandle kwesikoleni sokuhlola amandla nokuthi amandla akhona ukususa nokuthi aziphumelele umkhondo wokuhlola. Ngokushesha, isibonelo sasendaweni sokuhlola amandla esebenzayo ekuthathweni kwezilondolozi ezidingekileyo kanye nokuthi kuzo kufanele ukuthi zikhona izinhlamvu ezidingekileyo ezinikezela ngokubanzi kwiindawo eziningi zokuhlola. Isibonelo sesikhathi, njengokusebenzela kwezinhlamvu ezidingekileyo ezintathu ezintathu kwiindawo ezincinci zokuhlola, kuhlonishwa imithombo yezinto ezingazange zikhuphe umkhondo omphumeleyo womthwalo.

Iindlela Zokuhlala Ngephakathi Nokuhlola Kwezombili

Ukugcina kanye nokuhlola ukuthi abahluke basebe ngenhlobo yokuhlala ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuthuthukiseyo phakathi komkhakha wokususwa okusebenza emfuyo evamile. Abantu ababhedlela kuhle kungabangene izindlela zokuxhumana ezifundekayo lokusho umkhakha nokufinyelela amaphethaleni angaphi. Lolu hlobo lomxholo ungathatha ukubonisa nokwenzela ukulondoloza. Ukuthi ngisho indlela yokuhlola, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwesiqephu esihlukaniswe sokuhlola, sihlola abahluke kanye nezinhlobo zomphakathi wobuhebhu. Izibongo zombuzo bomphakathi zingazama ukuthi ababhedlela bazifunde nokuba bakhuphuke kakhulu, okuningi lokho kungavumelela amahlobo nokuthi akhuphuke kakhulu. Ukwenza lokho olungafanelekayo kuhlola ukuthi abahluke bayehlulekile kanye nokuthi imiphumiso yasemfuyo ayithathe ngempumelelo.

Amagidi Amanqaku Ngekuhlolwa Komphakathi

Ukukhetha Imibhalo Esetjentile Yokuqasha

Ukukhetha ukuphelele kwezinto zokuthutha ngokubalulekile kusenzenisa uphawu lwesampula, ngokugcineni xa uvumeleka amaswi eziqaphelene nezintshontsho. Kuna izimbali eziningi ezithunyelwe ukuthutha, okulandelayo ifakwa ukwenza ukuba iphatho yezilungiselelo zikhohliseke kwiseva sokuthola kwesikhephe sesicelo kusasa kudluliselwa labophiso. Ngokushesha, i-Cary-Blair Transport Medium iningizwe ukuthi ingakwazi ukwenza ukusebenzisa ukuze iphathwe amandla aphandle kokuthi akhawuleze umthakathi wokuqinisekiswa (Wasfy et al., 1995). Abasebenzisi belabophiso babhekisele ukungaba ngenxa yokukhetha amambali apha ayiphumeleyo ngezilungiselelo ezisetyenziswa. I-Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) iyiphi indlela eyayiphiwa ukuthi ziyazingeni amambali ekukhethweni lokuhlola ukuthi imigomo yakho yasevela yikhohliseke.

Ukubonisa Inani Lempereshu Ngendawo Yokugcina

Ukuphatha kwezinto ezinomsindo ngokubalulekileyo ngexesha lwenqanawe kuhlukele lokulanda uquyeka lwenqanawe. Ukuphinda phandle kwemperiphi yomphilo wakwenzela ukususwa, uzihlobene nokuhlola kwezi zinto ezilandelwe ngokushesha. Ukudluliswa komsebenzi okufanelela kunqanawe kuhlukele ukugcina umkhonto wakhe ngexesha. Ngokushesha, iifayisayili zokuthengisa ezihlukene ne-Cary-Blair zikhohliswa ukuba zibekwe emperiphi yethu 2-8°C ukuvamilela ukuphawula kwabo ngexesha le 48 izandla (CDC, 2019). Ukusebenzisa amagidline yemperiphi yakwenzela ukumona kokuthi lezi zinto zikho eziphumaphi kwezindima ezidingekayo kusukela kwezithathelo kwezincinci.

Amazazingi Apha KwiPhrocesing Yefayisayili LokuThengiswa

Amanqaku Alandelwayo

Izibongo ezintsha kwiqhosha lokuhlola amandla akwesikhephe sifundza ngokuthuthukiseyo kunye nekuphathanisiweyo kudluliselo olulandelayo. Izinqubomgomo eziningi, njenge-VETSCAN IMAGYST, zingabuyeleya umsebenzi wahlolwa ngekhetho lwe technology elijikiweyo njengesi-deep learning, ukungena ukusetyenziswa kokunquma okuningi kuhlula izindlala. Amahlelo amadala akhuphela umsebenzi wendlela yezinto kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamavuri, ukusure ka hlobo labo abasebenzela labe ukuze babone amalungu angaphambili kunye nekuphathanisiweyo. Izimbango zombuso zikhawuleza indlela eyindlela emva kokuba kuhlukeleka ukufinyelela kweendlela zakuhlola, engakwenene ngekhona lokuhlola ukusebenzisa amandla akwesikhephe, futhi ukususa ukumoya omnyama, ukuba bafinyelele amalabhi wakuhlola ukuya kuqondiswa. Ukugcina kwiqhobo lezi technology zikhuphela inqubo yakhe kumthetho wakuhlola olumdluli.

Amahlelo Apha Elandelani Kwi Technology Yokuhlola

Umbuso wokuphucula kwezimali zophansi lokugcina nokuthathwa kwisebe luyahlukile ngokwesikhathi esikhalisweni sisebenzisi umthetho wokusetyenziswa wesintu. Abaphethekisi baphrofeka ukuthi uMthetho wesintu ungabonisa imibono yezimali zokuthathwa ngenqanawe nekhushela yokubheka. Isebenzi zomicrofluidics kunye nazo emaziningeni amabhayamandla babiomarker bezilandelana ukuthi bazokulandela izindlela zokuthathwa kwezimali, uzokufinyelela amahlobo angaphezu komphakathi wokuhlala kwemiphumulo. Abasebenzisi abalulekile bayazi inkululeko elandelayo apho iimboniso eziyindawo ezimbili zizohlola idatha edingekayo, uzokudinga uphawu kunye nokususa kwezombini. Izindlela ezicinywe kwiisithombe ezinjalo zibeza izovamile ezifanele ukuthi zizoba kuzihlukile izindlela ezidingekayo zokuthathwa, uzokuhluhlisa amalabhi akwakhona phakathi kwezinhlangano zokungena.