Isihlangu Sesikhumba Sokubhiza Ngokuzenzakalelayo: Kusobala Ukuthola Okwesibili

Ukuthi I-Needle Yokwakha Emasimini Ithuthukisa Ukubonwa Kweminyaka Yokuqala Kwemazwi Okwesibini Kwemazwi Okwesibini

Ukunciphisa Ukuguqulwa Kwabantu Ngokusebenzisa Ukuziphatha Kwesikhathi

Izindlela zokubhukhiswa ngokwezinye zihlukile kakhulu ngokwesibonelo esingasemthwakweni kwisikhundla sokubhukha, ubude bakwesampula, nokuthatha kwesampula. Injini yokubhukha ngokwezinye yasebristu ibuyisa lezi zinto ngokuphathelana nezinkampani zokubhukha—kubuye kusuka kwezinkampani zokufaka ukusuka kwezinkampani zokubhukha ngokwezinye—kubuyisa izinkinga zokuhleka kwezandla nezinkinga zokuzwa okunokubonakala kusampula. Le nkqubo yezinkampani iyadibaniswa ngezinye izinkampani zokubona ngokwezinye: umlando wase-UK wa-2023 wabonisa ukuthi ukubona ngokwezinye kwamamogram yavalela izinkinga zokubonwa ngokungafanele ngo-5.7% futhi izinkinga zokubonwa ngokungafanele ngo-9.4%, okuvalela izinkinga zokubhukha ngokungafanele futhi kuvumela ukuthi kubonwe amashisu aloba ngaphambi kokuba abanake. Ngokuvalela izinkinga zokufunda nokuzwa okuzimele kwezinkampani zokubhukha ngokwezinye, izinkampani zokubhukha ngokwezinye zivumela ukuthi kubonwe izinkampani zokubhukha ngokwezinye futhi kuvumela abasemthwakweni ukuthi bavule izinkampani zokubhukha ngokwezinye kwezinkampani eziningi zokubhukha ngokwezinye kanye nezinkampani ezincane ezingazwakali.

Ukuvumela ukuzama kwezinto ezingu-3D ngokushesha ngokwesikhathi ngokufanana kwezithombe

Ukuzama kwezinkinga zokubhukuda kwezinyawo zomzimba ozikhulu kahle—okuthile kuyadinga ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele kwezimithamitha eziningi—kudinga ukubona phakathi kwesikhathi esifanayo okungakwaziwa ngokubonisa isikhathi esisodwa kuphela. Izinkampani zezincamango zokubhukuda kwezinyawo zomzimba zasezinsukwini zihlanganisa iziphakamiso zokubonisa ngokushesha kwe-ultrasound, okanye iziphakamiso zokubonisa ngokusebenzisa i-mammography noma i-MRI kusuka kwezindawo ezintathu zokubonisa, ukuze incamango ibe yilokho okufanele ekhuluma ngokuphelele kumkhakha wokubhukuda. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu: umlando waseNingizwe yaseKorea yoku-2022 wabonisa ukuthi ukubonisa ngokusebenzisa i-AI wabonisa ukubhukuda kwezinyawo zomzimba ngokushesha ngokuphelele kwe-91%, ngaphandle kokuthi abaradiyolojisti bafanele ngokuphelele kwe-74%, okubonisa ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi incamango ibe yilokho okufanele ekhuluma ngokuphelele kumkhakha wokubhukuda. Izinhlangano zokulungisa ukudlula kwezinyawo zokuhamba zikulungisa ukudlula kwezinyawo zokuhamba kwezinyawo zomzimba nokudlula kwezinyawo zokuhamba kwebhodi, ukuze incamango ibe yilokho okufanele ekhuluma ngokuphelele kumkhakha wokubhukuda—ukuncamnga ukuthi kubhekwe ngokungafanele noma ukuthi kubhekwe ngokungafanele.

Ukugxilwa kwezinto ngokuphelele kwezincwadi zokubhukisa ubuhlungu bezinkomo ngezindlela zokubonisa eziningi

Ukuhlelwa kwezindlela zokusebenza kwezincwadi zokubonisa, ukubonisa kwezinkomo ngokuphelele, nokubonisa kwe-MRI

U isikhumba sokubhaya ngokuzenzakalelayo sesibhanku iyathuthukisa ngqo nge-ultrasound, i-stereotactic mammography, kanye ne-MRI systems ngemithambo yezindiza zokubhala ngokwezindiza zokubhala, kususa izinyathelo zokuhambisana ngokwesandla ozizenzekileyo okuzimele kuzihamba kwe-biopsy. Ukufaka isikhombisa sokunqamuka kuyatholakala ngokuphelele nge-plane yokuqwalasela ngaphansi kwemiseko yezibhozo ezimbili, kuvumela abadokotela ukubhekana ngokuphelele kusendleleni esingaphandle kokulandela ukuthi isikhombisa sifanele. Kwi-stereotactic mammography, umzekelo, indaba yomnye wokuhlola yasho ukuthi kukhona ukunciphisa kwezibhozo ezimbili kwezibhozo zokusebenza emkhakheni lapho isikhombisa sokunqamuka sitholakala ngokuphelele nge-system yezibhozo zokubeka emlandweni (Radiology 2022). Izibhozo zokubhala ngokusebenzisa i-ultrasound zinconywa ngokutholakala kwezibhozo zokunqamuka okuzimele okuzikhipha amaqhina amanqamuka ngokuphelele ngokuphinda kabusha, ngakho-ke izibhozo zokubhala ngokusebenzisa i-MRI zisusa inkinga yokubuyisa itable ngokuphinda kabusha ngoba isikhombisa sifika ngokuphelele ngokujabulisa kwe-gradient-echo. Lezi ziqiniso zokuthuthukisa zinconywa ukuchitha kwezinqumo zokubhala, zinconywa ukuthi kungabi nempilo yezinqumo zokubhala, kanye nokunciphisa ukuthi kungabi nempilo yezinqumo zokubhala ngokuphelele—konke lokhu ngaphandle kokuthi kudingeka amakhonsole amanqamuka noma amakhonsole angafani.

Ukubhalwa kwesikhombisa sokuzihlanganisa kwe-AI nokulungisa ukudlula kwesikhombisa

Amathuba okugcina ngokusebenzisa i-AI akhuthaza ukubiliwe kwe-MRI yokungaphambili komsebenzi noma izithomogrami zokungaphambili kubonakalisa okuphambili ngemizuzwana emibili, ekwenzeni isistimu yezindawo ezihlanganisiweyo ekuhlakazeni inkambo ngokuphelele kwe-millimeter. Amaprogramu okugcina ukuguqula kwezinye zokudlala kufunda izigqibo zokudlala nokuguqula kwabantu ngokungafanele, kusobala ngokuzenzakalela ukuguqula kwezinkambo ngemizuzwana engu-100 njengoba kuyasebenza. Ukubonakalisa kwezinkambo eziningi kubonakalisa ukuthi le ndlela eyisisekelo ngokusebenzisa i-AI iyabeka ubude bokugcina kwezinkambo ku-0.7 mm futhi iyasusa ukuguqula kwezinkambo ezinconywa kakhulu kwezinkambo ezingu-92% (Medical Physics 2023). Ngokubiliwe kwezinkambo zokubhaya kwezinkambo eziguqulayo, le sistimu ibuyisa ubude bokubhaya kwezinkambo ngokuphelele nakho kwezinkambo ezilungile kakhulu ezikhiyelwe kwezindawo ezikhulu. Ngakho ke, inkambo eyodwa iyakwakha ukubhaya kwe-MRI ngokugcina kanye ngokugcina kanye ngokugcina kwezinkambo ezingu-97%, kususa ukuthi kubhekwe kwezinkambo eziningi futhi kususa ukuthi kubhekwe kwezinkambo eziningi.

Ukuvumela Kwemithombo Yokuhlola Nokuthenga Kwezinqumbu Zokuhlola Zocansi

Izinqumbu zocansi zokuhlola ziyathumela isibonelo esihle sokuhlola ngokuphelele nokuthenga okuncane, kubeka ubudlelwano bekuhlola ukugula kwocansi. Umsebenzi wawo owenziwa ngomkhombi uyakwakha iziqhupha zokuhlola futhi uyakwala umkhondo wokuhlola wonke.

Amathuba Okungafani Kakhulu Nokukhona Kwamaphuzu Amanye

Izinkambo zokuphatha iziqu zokuphatha ngokuzenzakalelayo zifika ekuphatheni kweziqu zokuphatha ngokwesibonelo esiphakeme kune-95%, okuyindlela eyinkulu kune-85% eyisisekelo sokuphatha ngokushaya. Lokhu kubonakala ngokuphatha kweziqu ezifanayo, ukungafani kweziqu zokuphatha, nokuthi iziqu zokuphatha ziyaphakamisa ngokuphelele. Kusukela embonweni wabantu abaningi, amasite ayisebenzisa iziqu zokuphatha ngokuzenzakalelayo zizimisa isilinganiso seziqu ezingafanele kusukela ku-12% ku-4%, okuyisilinganiso esingafanele kakhulu sokuphatha kabusha ngokufa kwemithombo yeziqu. Kumaqhaza ayo aphakeme—kuncane kakhulu ukuthi kubonakala kweziqu zokuphatha zokugcina—iziqu zokuphatha zokuzenzakalelayo ziyaphakamisa ukuthi iziqu zokuphatha ziyaphakamisa ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso sokuphatha kabusha siphakamisa ngokuphelele ngokuphakama kwe-30% emva kokusebenzisa lezi ziqu. Kumaqhaza ayo abanamandla kakhulu, apho ukuphatha ngokushaya akwazi ukuthi kubonakale, iziqu zokuphatha zokuzenzakalelayo ziyasebenzisa indlela yokuphatha ngokuvacuum, okuyisilinganiso esikhuluma ngokuphatha kweziqu ngokuphelele, okuyisilinganiso esikhuluma ngokuphatha kweziqu ngokuphelele. Lokhu kubonakala ngokuphakama kweziqu zokuphatha ngokuphelele.

Ukuchaza Kwemilingo Yekhosi-Nokuthenga: Ukunciphisa Kukhulu Kwemilingo Yokuqondisa Ngaphandle Kokuthenga Okuphakeme Kusukela

Nakuba ukuthi isilinganisi sesikhundla sokusebenza sikhulu kakhulu, isilinganisi sokuthi sithi ngamashumi amabili kanye namathathu kwezindlela zokusebenza siphula ngaphezu kwe-$28,000 lapho sizibonisa izindlela zokubhaya kabusha nezinkinga eziphambukileyo zazo. Umunye wokubhaya kabusha okungavunywa uyabuyisa isikhathi sezifundo, izindlela zokuthengisa izinto ezidingekayo, nokuthenga kwezinkolelo zomuntu ozobhaya. Izindlela zokubhala ngaphansi kwezinye zokubhala ngokuphambuka kwesilinganisi sokubhala kahle—njengokuphula kwezindlela zokubhala kwezindawo zokugcina—zihlala ziyabuyisa isilinganisi sokubhala kahle. Isilinganisi sokubhala esingaphambili esenzelwe emaphakathi ekhaya lokubhala kwezincwadi zokubhala kahle yasibonisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa izikhundla zokubhala zokuzinikela ziyabuyisa isilinganisi sokubhala kahle se-$18,000 ngamashumi amabili kanye namathathu kwezindlela zokusebenza, nakuba sibonisa ukuthi kufanele sithenge izikhundla zokubhala. Lokhu kubuyiselwa kusenziwa ngeminyaka yokuqala eyisithupha. Ubuhle bokusebenza kwezikhundla kwezibhala kuvuna ukuthi kungabi nesilinganisi sokubhala kahle sokubhala kahle kwezindlela zokubhala kahle—lokhu kuyisidingo esibalulekileyo kwezindlela zokubhala kahle. Ngeminyaka yokuqala, indawo engekhulu yokubhala kahle iyakwakha izimangaliso zezinkolelo zokubhala kahle kwezindlela zokubhala kahle kwezindlela zokubhala kahle, kuyabuyisa ubuhle bokusebenza kwezikhundla zokubhala kahle kwezindlela zokubhala kahle.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ukuthi ngubani umph advantage wekusebenzisa inkampana yokuqondisa isitha esihle ngokuzenzakalelayo kunokusebenzisa izindlela zokuzenzakalelayo?

Inkampana yokuqondisa isitha esihle ngokuzenzakalelayo iyabuyisela ubukhulu bekuphatha kwesitha ngokulahla ukuguqula kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Iyajabula ukubaluleka kokugcina isikhundla sokunqamuka, ubude bekusukela emseleni, nokuthenga isitha, okuyizinto ezingaphambana kakhulu ekubeni kungabonakali kwezindlela zokuzenzakalelayo.

Ukuthi ukugxilwa kwezindlela zokubonisa ngokufanayo kubhekise indlela yokwenza isitha njani?

Ukugxilwa kuyavumela inkampana yokuqondisa isitha esihle ngokuzenzakalelayo ukusebenza ngokuhlanze nezindlela zokubonisa ngokufanayo, ukubonisa ngokufanayo kwezinkampana, ukubonisa ngokufanayo kwezinkampana zokubonisa ngokufanayo kwezinkampana, nokubonisa ngokufanayo kwezinkampana zokubonisa ngokufanayo kwezinkampana, ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokuxhumana ngokufanayo zezindaba zokuxhumana, okuyabuyisela ukusebenza kwaye kuhlaziyisa ukuzimela kwebhodi, futhi kubuyisela ubukhulu bekuphatha kwesitha.

Ukuthi i-AI ibhekise ntoni kwezinhlelo zokuqondisa isitha esihle ngokuzenzakalelayo?

I-AI iyabuyisela ubukhulu bekuphatha kwezinhlelo zokuqondisa isitha ngokusebenzisa ukubhalwa kwezindawo zokuphatha ngokushesha nokubuyekeza ukuguqula kwebhodi. Iyabhalisa izindawo zokubonisa, iyabuyekeza ukuguqula kwebhodi, futhi iyajabula ukubaluleka kokuphatha kwezindawo zokuphatha ngokushesha, okuyabuyisela ukungabonakali kwezindawo ezingaphambi kwezindawo zokuphatha.

Kukhuseleka ukusebenzisa inkampana yokubhijitha okwenziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo kuhlanganisa izindlela zokuthenga?

Yebo, nokho ukuthenga kwakho kwezinto zokusebenza kuyakhula kakhulu, izindlela zokuthenga ngalinye ngeminyaka engu-100 zihlala zikhula ngokuphelele njengoba kungafani ngezindlela zokubhijitha futhi kunezinkinga zokusebenza ezingaphansi, okuvumela ukuthenga kwezindlela zokuthenga kuhlanganisa ngokuphelele.