Nginxuma Ukukhetha Idisipensibhili YesiSwabu Esingabafundi?

Ukufunda Amaspezifikeyi Akusodwa Komphilo

Izicertification Eziqshiqashiwe Yezindawo Zeklini

Izilungiselelo zithi ngokukhuthaza kakhulu ukuthi amaswabhi enguquleyo yamathebhu ayikho amandla nokuhlola okusebenza, ukuze bazingeniwe emahhose. Ngonye nesilungiselelo esikhoyo ISO 13485, okuthiwa imigomo yesayisini lokugcina olunikezela ngokubanzi kakhulu phakathi komhlaba ngokusebenzisa ukufundiswa kokugcina amadevayisi ye-medical. Leli silungiselelo lisethemba ukuthi amaswabhi azifundiswa ngendlela elungileyo, ezihlola izindlela ezintathu zokusetyenziswa. Ukudibanisa, uhlu lwe-FDA 510(k) ungenziwe njengelinye lembaluleneyo lokulula amadevayisi akhona abaningiwe ngaso SaseYayidhesi, ngoba kudinga ukuthi amagcinisi adibane umthondazo wamandla nokuhlola kwezinto zakho. Ngezinye iindawo ezingazama u-Europe, imarki ye-CE iyisebenzisa ukuthi amaswabhi angahlala ngokuyingane nezilinganiso zomhlaba we-EU, ukuze bazingeniwe ukuthi amaswabhi angahlala ngokulingana ngezindinga zokuhlola nokususa. Amasilungiselelo amadala akhona akhetha ukuthi amaswabhi enguquleyo yakhiwe ngokupheleleyo kumahhose ekufaneleko kuzama ukusetshenziswa.

Ukutshetsha Kwenye Umphambano Wesikhatsi

Kuleso sikhethelo esizodwa ngenqanawe, ukufunda okuhlu kwezinye izinto ezibonakalayo phakathi komphumela kwezilungu zokubuyisela nokuhlola kwesampuli. Ukuphumula kwezilungu zokubuyisela ifanele ngokwesifundazwe ngokuthi yintlango yokugcina umlilo, efikene kakhulu ngeyiphi lezi zilungu zokubuyisela. Ngaphandle kokulungu oluphumulekileyo, amahloli ahlola amasampuli anceda ukusetyenziswa kakhulu yokuhlola kwezilungu zakusebenza nokuhlola kwezilungu ezinempumelelo lokuhlola amasampuli kunye nokuphumula kwezilungu. Amahloli akhona amanani nokukhombisa isimo senqanawe ngokushintsha ukutshintshwa kwezilungu nokuhlola kwezilungu ezinempumelelo lokuhlola amasampuli. Izibalo nezindaba zokuxhasa zingabonisela ukuba lezi zinto zihluke kahle indlela yokuhlola kwezilungu nokuhlola amasampuli, uzokusetyenziswa kakhulu njengamagama abangaphambili ekuthathweni lomphumela olunemva lokho.

Imininingwane Yokuqhathanisa Indlela Yokugcina Ngesicelo

Ukuphathelwa kwezindlela zokusha ephandle kwezindlu zokusebenza zihlukumeze izinetho ezidingekileyo ezazibuyisela ngokwesigaba sasendlela sokubheka okukhululekile. Izindlu ezidingekayo ezifanekiso zikahle zizodinga imigomo yezinto ezivamileyo; ngokumbi, amaswabhi aseNasopharynge ayiphathelwe ngokuphathe ngezindlela zokusha ezikhulu zemfuyo engaze akhangele umoya. Ngakwesininzi, amaswabhi amaphantsimpi angadinga ukuthi amashaya amakhulu ukuze aphinde aphathelwe nokuhlola nokuhlola kuhlu. Ukusuka kwemigomo wezindlela zokusha zingena lokugcina nokuziphumula umuntu wokusetyenziswa ngokusebenzela ukukhetha izindlela ezidingekayo zokusha. Amagidlineyithi nokuthi amahluko amandleni asithi ukukhetha indlela ye-swabhi esidingekayo yinhloko yokuthi uzame ukufinyelela isimo sezokushoba nokuthi uzame ukungabona umculo wokuthi wamkhontshi ngokuphelele.

Ukubuyekeza Umthombo Womdlalo Ukhululekileyo

Cotton vs. Synthetic Fiber Trade-offs

Kwisigaba sokubuya kwezilungiselelo zokugcina, ukukhetha phakathi kwezilungiselelo zompho nokulungiselelo elinganayo lokunquma kuhlu. Izilungiselelo ezompho zikhuphuziwe ngokwesintu wakho, efuna ukuthi bakhuphuze ngokushesha lokhu kufanele kumkhakha okusemva kweminyaka eyahlukileyo, futhi kanye nokukhetha lapho kusetyenziswa ngezinto ezingaphambili, ngokubanzi nokubuyela kwezindodana. Ngaphezulu, iinkathalo zenkqubo yokuhlala yompho engakwazi ukwenza ukuthatha izilungiselelo ngokushesha, kunye nezifatshi zezimpahla ezinomsindo ezinamandla ezinamandla zokuthatha izilungiselelo. Ipolyester, isenjene, ikhuphuziwe ngokushesha lokhu kunye nokuthi kukhethwe ukuze usebenzise ngokubona kumikrobiyoloji kunye nokuthuthukisa PCR analysis. Ukudibanisa amaxesha akhona apho kusetshenziswa kwindawo yokubuya, ifumaniswe imibono yakhe - izilungiselelo ezompho ngokwesintu wakho kunye nokulungiselelo elinganayo lokunquma kuhlu lokusebenza ngokushesha.

Umbono Wokusebenzisa Amaswi Abaflokidi

Amaswabu esiflockwe kusetshenziswa ngokubhekisisa kakhulu kwisebe yokuhlanganisa izicatshulwa. Ukusukululeko olunikezelayo, okufakelwayo ngamandla eyahlukileyo yesifomu sasepolyester esisetshekelayo, usure ka-physical properties nokuthi akathatheli ngaphakathi kwebesenti, bese kuphela ukusuka kwabantu abahleli amacatshulwa ngokuphephileyo. Lento yenkqubo iyafundiswa ngokukhethwe kumzekelo weziqhutywa ezimbi zokuhlola umthombo apho kuhlanganiswa ngenqanawe yokugcina amacatshulwa. Ngokushesha labazalisele nezindaba zokusebenza kwezilaborethi kunye nezinhloso zokuhlola umthombo, i-flocked swabs, njengoba Puritan’s HydraFlock, bayithatha imibuzo engaphezulu, ubungena ukuthi amaxesha ahlala kanye nokuthuthukiswa. Ukusukululeka kwenzeleleyo yakho kuyingxenye yokuthi yayinikelwe kumzekelo apho kuhlanganiswa ngenqanawe yokugcina amacatshulwa.

Ukubuyelekiswa nge-Saliva Collection Tubes

Ukugcina ukungavumelekileyo phakathi kwezindlela ezinamandla nezintsha zokuhlanganisa umlomo ngaphandle komhlaba kufanele lisho lokulandelana ngezilondolozi zokuhlola i-DNA kunye ne-RNA. Izindlela ezinamandla zikhona ukuthi zivumeleke ngempumelelo nenkululeko ngaphakathi kwezintsha zokuhlanganisa umlomo ngaphandle komhlaba, apho bakhuphela ukusukumisa okuthile kwezinhlobo zomphilo ngasemva kwezinhlobo zokuthuthukiswa nokuthengisa. Ukudibanisa kuhlala kwisebe sikhuhle ukuthi kuzogcina ukukhetha izindlela nezintsha ezihlanganisayo nendawo yokusebenza, ngoba ubuchwepheshe obungaphezu kwalokhu kungabikho isenzo semphilo. Leliqinisekiso libonisa ngokuthi labasebenzisi labahloli balabo labekhetha ukuthi amasampula akhuphwe ngempumelelo kunye nokuthi abaningi imibiko engavalwa kanye nokuthi asizange sikhwalele ngaphandle komphilo okanye ukubuyiselwa kwesinqumo.

Amalungiselelo Asebenzisi kunye nezinto Ezicacileyo

EtO ngokushesha kwi-Gamma

I-Ethylene oxide (EtO) yi-umehlo osebenzayo okusebenzwa ngokubonakaleyo kuhlukelela amandla amapharanyathi ngezinye izindlela ezifanekileyo, ngokusho ukuba kunye nobungako bokuthi imibhalo esenziwe yahlukene kusihlalo nokuhlabelela. Ngakwesoku lokhu olunamandla kwe-EtO, luchasene nekuqondiswa kwezindlela ezincinci, kuna iimigomo zokugcina njengokuba kufanele uhlola amandla angaphandle komoya ongashintshwa ngokuphela. Ngisho, u-gamma irradiation usebenzisa amarayi amahhhe ahigh-energy aphandle kokuthi amandla, ungenisa umthombo wokuhlukeleni nokuhlukaniselo wezinto eziphathelwe ngokuphambili. Nangona abanye ababheduka, i-reliability ye-gamma irradiation yakhiwe njengeyiphi yezilimo zakho. I-stats zikhuluma ngokusho ukuba gamma irradiation uzihlukela ukudibanisa okulingana nokuhlukeleni, ngokubalulekileyo kwiindawo yokuxhasa ezithethwayo. Kufuneka ukhethe umehlo omphumeleyo wesixhumanisi ngokubonakala nazo izinto ezinikezeliyo nokusetyenziswa kwesihlahla sokuthi ubone umsamo wokuhlukaniselo nokuhlukeleni.

Amanani Akuqinisekisa KwePhephandaba

Ukuqinisekiswa kwephephandaba liphakathi lokuhlola ukuthi izinhlela zemibhalo yezokhumela ezifanele, ngokuba amanani akukho ngezikhatsi nokubhaliweyo kwezilondolozi zomateriali zikhona phakathi komoya. Izicatshuleni zephephandaba leziphathelene nezi ziningi, uzokusure kaahlukanisi ukuthi imibhalo yakhiwe ngaphandle kokuphucwayo emikhumbulweni nemisindo. Amaphrofethi asebenza apha aphinde aphambene nezindlela ezidinga ukuthi ukuqinisekiswa kwephephandaba kunoma umkhuhlane wokuqala, okungafanele ukuthi kuhlanganise iimpahla yokutsontsobala. Oku kufanele ukuthi abasebenzisi besezimali nobabini bomthwalo babone ukuthi bayazi izigaba ezincane.

Umbiko Wesikhephe Sokuqala

Ukudokimentha kwezinye zezilungiselelo ezinhlekeleyo kuhluke izicatshulwa zokuthi, uzokusure ka ukubizwa ukuthi iiprodakhti iyayibona imithetho yosizo esikhundleni. Lwendawo lokudokimentha luhlukile amandla okuyihlonipha ukuthi iprodakhti iyisafeti kunye nokufinyelelwa okudinga umlando wemvume wephroducti wesikhatsi sengxenyeni kusukela kumnguni wokugcina ngaphandle kwesicelo sokusetshenziswa. Izindlela zokusebenza zikhuphela inhliziyo yokuthi ukudokimentha kwezilungiselelo ngeendlela ezindaweni zokuhlola ukuthi, uzokusure ka ukubonisa nokuthi azikho amagcinisi kuzo kwiichaini lemedikheli. Ukudokimentha kahle kokuthi akwazi ukuba aphoqweni njengoba ayiqinisekise ukuthi abantu ababizwa babangene nezimpilo ezintathu.

Ukukhetha Amasobhu Ngenkinga Lokusetshenziswa LesiSihlobo

Usampli ngokunquma kweNasopharyngeal kunye nokusampli ngokunquma kweOropharyngeal

Kulesi sikhathi sokuhlula amaswabhi, ukulandelayo okuhluke kwezindlela ezidinga ukukhohloko phakathi komphendulelanophandle nokuphendulelano olwandle ngokubhebhekileyo. Amaswabhini yomphendulelanophandle ziziphumalanga ukuze zifundise amasampuli eside lesikhuni, uzokufika ku-ngekhetho lwesiphakathi sesikhandla sentsha phakathi kwezinye zindaweni. Lwendlela lokho kungathathwa ngaphambi kokuthi kuyimfanelo yokuthi amasampuli angayithole ngokushesha kodwa angakwazi ukuba khona ngenqanawe yenkosi. Ngaphezulu, amaswabhini yoku-phendulelano olwandle zifundise amasampuli eside leso sikhuni kunjalo kanye nokuba kakhulu kakhulu, beseziwe ngokubhebhekileyo, ubungako phakathi kwezinhlanga nokuhlola kakhulu. Izibophezelo zemfazwe zingazama ukuvuma ukuthi amaswabhini yomphendulelanophandle bayenza imfanelo yakhothetho lapho bazifundise umlando wokugcwalisa wesikhombisi ngokubanzi kunjalo nge-oropharyngeal swabs. Ngesikhatsi, isitayela esisetyenziswa ngalesi sikhathi sezilanda izinsuku eziphumalanga The Lancet sizohlola ukuthi uphendulelanophandle kuphumeleleyo kuhlolwa kwezivirusi ezintsha zokuhlala, uzokususa ukuthi kusenziwe ukukhetha kwe-swab abangaphambili ngokuthi babuyeke bonke amagunya akhetho.

Ukubaluleka komphilo wokuhlala ngaphandle kwezilungiselelo zokubhala

Umbuyiso kunye nesiphumo somkhabelo wesivamiso sawe swabs sikufinyelela isenzo sesibhedlela, ngisho ukuthi phakathi kwe-swabs ezisetyenziswa lokuhlala ngaphandle kanye nokusetshenziswa lokubhala. I-swabs ezisetyenziswa lokuhlala ngaphandle zicabanga lezi zibe ngasiphi sikhono sokugcina ukususa amahhula ngokupheleleyo, futhi zisetshenziswa amathuluzi njenge-foam ukuze lapho zibhekise izinto eziphumeleyo. Ngokwesininzi, i-swabs ezisetyenziswa lokusetshenziswa lokubhala zicabanga ukuthi zizame ukukhombisa nokuthi zithathe amasampi angaphezu kakhulu, futhi zisetshenziswa amathuluzi njenge-nylon microfiber ukuze zifanele kulandela amasampi. Journal of Wound Care kusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-swabs esingafanelekile kungakwazi ukwenza ukususa okanye akwazi ukuthatha amasampi amacacileyo, ukubonisa ukuthi kukho usizo lokukhetha i-swabs esifanele ngokuthi sihlene ngesikhatsi semikheli engcono. Ukukhetha umkhosi wokuhlala ngaphandle okanye lokusetshenziswa lokubhala kungafinyelela isenzo senkinga lokusetshenziswa lokubhala kanye nokuthi kuhlanganisiwe imibuzo yomphilo we-patient.

Ukufanele kwe-viral transport medium

Ukuphawuliwe kwezilungiselelo zokuthi iziswabu zikhululeka ngeemidliweni yokuthiwa okuviraleyo kufanelelana nokuhlukomelela ukusindiswa kwesampula. Izinsobomvu ezidingeki, njengezinto ezinikezwe ngamadloko okanye amathetho, aziphakeme imibophelelo yezilungiselelo ngokushintsha umkhondo wosampulu phambi komdlalo. Iindlela zakhozo lweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ifunda lokugcina ukusetshenziswa kweziswabu ezikhululekayo neendliweni yokuthiwa okusetyenzisiwe ukuze akubhekisele usampula. Ngokushesha, iCDC ifunda ukuthi iziswabu ezidlolakile zisetjentse ukusindiswa kokuthiwa okuviraleyo ukuze zihlinyene namandla. Ukusetshenziswa kweziswabu ezicacilekelayo zingcindelezela imibophelelo yesithathu sokuthiwa ngokuhlinyelwa wesampula ngaphandle komdlalo. Ukufunda kunye nokuhlukanisa lezi zilungiselelo zikuphawula kakhulu lokugcina kunye nokuhlola kwezilaboni.