Nginxuma Ukukhetha Idisipensibhili YesiSwabu Esingabafundi?

Ukufunda Amaspezifikeyi Akusodwa Komphilo

Izicertification Eziqshiqashiwe Yezindawo Zeklini

Ukuthi amaphuzu amagama akhetha lokhu kuhlala ukusihliselela nokuhlola okuphakeme kwezilungu zokugcina, futhi azibonakalelayo ukuba bakhethwe ngendlela eyayiphi lembalulenithi. Ngonye yezinto ezikhoyo, ISO 13485, lichaza izicatshulwa zokusetyenziswa kwezindlela zokubandlela ukudibanisa imibuzo yemidekisini. Ukukhetha olwazi olunikezelayo kukhutheza ukuthi amaphuzu abanintsiwe ngokubanzi ngezicatshulwa ezidingekileyo nokuthi zizoba zikhona ngamandla. Ukufundiswa kwesiketsi se-FDA 510(k) ngenxa yesikhatsi sasendaweni saseMereka, kufanele kumkhakha ukuba amadodana akhethela ukuba amahhadi ahlala amaninzi kunye nokuhlobene. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abasebenzisa ukuze babenqume i-Europhu, kufanele bakhekise amaphuzu ngokusebenzela i-CE marking, oluchaza ukuthi amaphuzu abanintsiwe ngokudinga lokulungileyo lokusebenzelo nokuhlola. Izinhlobo eziphumaphutha zikhutheza ukuthi siyahlala sisinde ngokuthi amaphuzu amagama akhetha asetshenziswa ngokuphakeme kwindawo eziningi ezindaweni zokugcina.

Ukutshetsha Kwenye Umphambano Wesikhatsi

Ukushetha amaswabhi yomphilo, ukukhupha kwezinye zezinto nokuhlola izinto elibizwa ngokudibanisa kuhluke kakhulu. Ukukhupha kukho inani lemanzi okungakwenziwe yamaswabhi lokhu luhlolwa ngokuthi ngenani lesi swabhisi. Ngoba amaswabhi akhupha amanye amathuluzi ukuze akhulele amaninzi, angaba amaqhelekanga aphoqeqeshwe ngaphandle kokuba bayisebenzise phambi komunye umoya. Ngaphezulu, amaswabhi amaphindwe ukuze aluhlale izinto ezilandelwe ngokubalulekileyo, njengamaswabhi omkhulu, abalulekiswe ukuze asetshentlele izinto ezilandelwe ngokubalulekileyo, ngaphezulu ukuba akhuphe. Amaswabhi amaphindwe ngokumthetho wabo, ngaphezulu ngokufanelela, nokuba akhuphe amafayiba, ukuze akhuse izinto ezilandelwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukusuka kwezindlela nezikhumbulo zokugcina, zingazama ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zihlala imiphumela yesampuli nokuthuthukiswa kwemibhalo yotest: hlangana amashumi amahlanu amazwe ukuthi ukukhetha iswabhi esiqhawekazi sikhona.

Imininingwane Yokuqhathanisa Indlela Yokugcina Ngesicelo

Ukuphakamiswa kweqhosha leswab yini lomkhuhlane olungaba ngokwesicelo sokuthiwa kwiseva yemedi. Izindawo ezidinga amanani eziningi zibeza izinethelo ezidinga ukusetyenziswa kwe swab zonkelelo, ngoba ziziphiqiswe ukuya emfuyo wezinyebezi ukusetyenziswa nokuhlala kwendawo yokuhlala kanye nokusetyenziswa. Ngaphandle kokuthiwa i-swab ze wound zingene ukuze kubekwe umthengisi omncane ngeqhosha lokuhlola nokuhlola. Ukukhupha kweqhosha leswab kunoma imphakathi phakathi komoya nokuhlola okulandelayo wasebenzi nokuhlola nokuhlala kuyinto ekugcineni ukukhetha iqhosha elikhethwayo. Amagidline nezinhlobo zokuthiwa zibonisa ukuthi ukukhetha iqhosha lesiSwabi sikhethwayo singakho esihle kweSwab nokuhlala kakhulu kumlawuli ngokusebenzela isicelo somedi esingaphezulu.

Ukubuyekeza Umthombo Womdlalo Ukhululekileyo

Cotton vs. Synthetic Fiber Trade-offs

Kwesiphumo sokuqala sokusebenza kwezampondo zokugcina, ukuthi okusebenziwe ngaphandle kokuthi umkhozo womphoyiso okanye idatha engenandaba yonke yiyingxenye yokuhlola. Izampondo ezincane zikhethele amandla nokulula ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezinikezayo. Ngakwesiphi, izampondo zihlukile amandla apha-ndaweni akukho noma azifunyeneyo ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinikezayo, futhi iimboniso zakhe ezindabeni zazibuyeleka ukungasebenzi kakhulu, ngokwesicatshulwa esikhatsi sesingekho lokuhlola imibuzo, ngokuthiwe yee Puritan Medical Products. Ukudibanisa, iimboniso ezingene ziyinhloko ekupheleniyo neentsha kunye nokulula ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinikezayo. Isixhenxe, isixhenxe sikhethele ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kunye nokulula ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinikezayo. Ukubophelela lokuhlola lokushintsha ukuthi lezi zinto zithathelane ngezilimi zabo — "izampondo ngoba zisetha," kunye no"iimboniso emaninzi apho zisetshenziswa zintsima."

Umbono Wokusebenzisa Amaswi Abaflokidi

Amaswabu esiflockwe kufuneka ukhethe umlando omuhle kwiqhobo lokuhlola amasampuli. Umlando omuhle wesipheni olusetyenziswa lishesha amafayibhile efundekayo (amahlobo) eliphakamisiyo lepolyester aphoqweni yokuhlala ngaphandle komoya kunye nokulima okungcono ngezinye izifayethu ezinikezeliyo. Lwendawo yakugcina kufuneka yisisekelo sokuthi kungenziwa ukuphucula phantsi kwemigomo yezinto ezilandelwayo ezinikezelwe ngokuphuculekileyo. Ukugcina kwegumbi lwenkcubeko labasebenzisi belabanye nezindaba zokusebenza, amaswabu esiflockwe njengam-Puritan’s HydraFlock ayihloniphe iimpahla engcono ngenkinga yokuhlola. Umlendo wakhe wesikhatsi sikhona kakhulu kwiqhobo langapho ukugcina uhlangothi lwamasampuli lichaza kakhulu.

Ukubuyelekiswa nge-Saliva Collection Tubes

Ukufutha kwezilabathe futhi ukusihlisa umoya wokuhlala ngokupheleleyo kukhangezelela amandla akhephakade neRNA. Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezilabathe zokusebenzela izicatulo zomoya omkhulu zikhangezelela uphawu lomsindo wesithathu, ngoba zilungiselela isampuli ukuba ikhona ngokukhangelene ngenhliziyo yethelo. Ufakelwano lwesikhashana sikhangezela ukuthi kufanele ukusetshenziswa ezilabathe nezicatulo zokusihlisa umoya eziyinkabi ngezindaba zokuxhumana nokushintsha emagcaleni, ngoba okunamandla ukubonakala kunye nomthombo wokuqinisekisa kwisebentiso sesampuli. Isifactor sikhankgezelanga kumhlaba olungena lokusetyenziswa kokugcinwa kokuthi kuhle kanye nokuthi amasampuli ahlalwe ngokulungile kunye nokungafunekako ukusuka kwezindlela ezidingekayo okanye ukusuka kwezindlela ezincinci.

Amalungiselelo Asebenzisi kunye nezinto Ezicacileyo

EtO ngokushesha kwi-Gamma

Uthileni oxide (EtO) usezwa ngokushesha iziphumo zokusebenza kwezinye, ngoba kunako ukuphumelela okugcineni, ngokubangakho eziphakathi ezindala nokuthi ezimiswe nge-amatholeni. Ngakwesiphi, u-EtO kukhona amanqaku angaphezu kokuba, ngokusho kakhulu xa ungene nezinye iindlebe, kodwa kukhona amanqaku amaningi, phakathi kwalokho kukho ukusetyenziswa kwesikhasi sokuyibonisa ukususa izichemikali ezisetshenziswa ukushesha. Ngokulandelayo, xa sifunda ngokugcina, i-high-energy gamma rays usezwa, ngenxa yokuba kuna compatibility yamathetho enkulu nokuhlola ukungcono, kunye nokuphumelela okugcineni kuziphumo ezinikezwe ngokuphakamisi. Ukudibanisa kuphela, abanye abadabanisayo babhekisele ukuba umoya woku-gamma kukho consistency yakho yokuba yibenzi kakhulu. Amathamanzelo akalayiyo xa kulandelayo, U-gamma irradiation ubenzi isebenziso esiqondisiwe. Kuningi lokhu lungenziwayo ukukhetha umoya omphumeleyo ngokubanzi lokhu olusetshenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenqanawe yesimo sokunyekelwa kunye nokusetshentlwa.

Amanani Akuqinisekisa KwePhephandaba

Ukuthi umphakathi wokuqinisekisa kuhluke amagcindezi okulandelayo ngokwesiphumo esidingeni lokusebenzela, lungenziwayo ukuthi ukuhlinzekiswa kwesibhedlela kunene noma amaphrofetha okukhombisa amaceleni akuyisizo lokuhlola ukuthi umsebenzi wokuhlola kuhluke. Zonke izithombe zokusebenzela ezindaweni zikusetyenziswa ukuthi le ngeniso kufanele lizama ukugcina ukuthi imigomo apho azibonakale yihambelelwa ngokubanzi kwiqolo lokuzimela nokuthuthukiswa. Izithombe ezikhulu zeempakathini eziqinisekiswe ngamakheli wekhetho olungelula, okungabangako ukuxhasa phakathi komphakathi omncane okuqinisekisayo nokuphumeleyo kokunyelekiswa. Izinwevu zezikhetho zingazangelele ukuthi iindlela ezifana neziphi zihlanganise ukukhupha ukudalwa kokubhujabha, ukucacisa ukuthi kuhluke umphakathi omncane okuqinisekisayo kufanele ukuba kuhluke emthethweni yobungakanani. Kuningi ukuthi abasebenzisi bemiphi bese bebandlayo babuyeke kanye nabasebenzisi besikoleni sasethemba sabafundele kanye nabafundele nezinga lezi khulu ukusukela ukuthi isenzo sikusiziwe futhi siyinketho.

Umbiko Wesikhephe Sokuqala

Amarekordi arhewulelwa amahleli kakhulu ngokuthi amahleli amaphandle komoya aphoqelela izicwangciso ezinethunyelwe, okugcina ukuthi izinhlobo zikhona ngezimo zokusetyenziswa emasafeni. Lolu hlobo lwephawu luhlukile amacertification ezifumanisa ukuthi isinhlobo sikusindane, kunye nezi-traceability logs ezidinga umlando wesisinhlobo wesikhatsi esisetyenziswa sasekuboniwe kumhlaba phakathi kwesikhiyiweyo kanye nokusebenza. Izindlela zesekheni zisebenzela ukubheka ukuba amarekodi amaphandle komoya aphoqelela njengomphilo weqhutywa okanye lokuhlobene nokuphawula kanye nokuthatha ukulungiselela kanye nokuthi wonke abaningi abamfanelayo babekho imithombo. Amarekodi amahlukile angavame ukuba akwazi ukusetshentela kodwa kukwenza ukusibuyelela ukuthi lokhu kusihlonipha uphawulo phakathi kwezimpawu kunye nezisebenzisi. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kakhulu lokuhweba amarekodi amaphandle komoya aphoqelela ukuthola ukuhambisana kwezinhlobo zemithwalo omkhulu kunye nokusetshentela nokusebenza ngempumelelo.

Ukukhetha Amasobhu Ngenkinga Lokusetshenziswa LesiSihlobo

Usampli ngokunquma kweNasopharyngeal kunye nokusampli ngokunquma kweOropharyngeal

Ukukhetha amaswabhu, khona ukuthi ngaphambili umthakathi wamandla nokumthakathi womphondo wendlela apho amasampula angavumelekile. Amaswabhu omthakathi wamandla zizoba ukuhlanganiswa ukuthi zibheke izimpawu ezintsha kusihlanu esincane phakathi komlomo okanye emzimbeni. Ngeentsingiselo zemitholo, le ndlela iyiya ngenqanawe yezilungiselelo zokuhlala, kodwa ungathanda ukuba kuhlonishwe ngempela kunye nomuntu ongashayelanga. Ngaphezulu, amaswabhu omphondo wendlela azihlale ngendlela engazifunekiyo ukubheka izimpawu kunye nokuthi zikhona indlela elikhona lokugcina kanye nokuhlola. Izabelo zokudinga zikhuluma ukuthi amaswabhu omthakathi wamandla zizama ukuthi zibhele ngokupheleleyo kumalangalango eziyindleleni njengoko bavela imibhalo emikhandlwini ekubeni kakhulu kulomsebenzi olungena kweNCP-19. Ukushintsha okwangoku kwiLancet wesikhatsi sokuqala sokudibanisa ukuthi amaswabhu omthakathi wamandla zizama ukuthi zibhele ngokupheleleyo kumalangalango olungene kwezimali zemitholo, uzokusukelela ukuthi ukukhetha kweamaswabhu kufanele lisheshe ngokuthi ubenziwe ngokupheli.

Ukubaluleka komphilo wokuhlala ngaphandle kwezilungiselelo zokubhala

Umbhodwana nokuthi yisihlalo soshumi ashiqubile kakhulu lokuhlola ukuthi ubungakho, ngokusho kahle xa ufunda umbhodwana wesiphuphe somdlalo wesithathu kumdlalo wesicatshulwa. Ngokusho, kusenziwe kuhluke kakhulu okufuneka kwiimbhodwana yesiphuphe somdlalo wesithathu ukuze lisebenzise ngempumelelo lokulula nokulamba isithathu, efuna lokhu kusenzelwa ngokusebenzisa isihlalo semfomu. Ngakwesinye, imibhodwana yokuthatha amasampula akukho ngenxa yokuthi kufanele asebenzise umkhondo wemayithi we-nylon ukuze alinde amasampula ngempumelelo. Ukusebenzisa imibhodwana engaziwayo emva kokuthi kuyenza ukuthi usimelele ukulula nokulamba isithathu njengoba kukohlwa kwicala esikhatsini Journal of Wound Care esifundekayo ukuthi kubhekene nekuphawuliwe kwekuthi lokusebenza kweumbhodwana. Kungakho langokuqhathaniswa kwekuthi lokuhlola, kodwa kunokuhlala kakhulu ukuba abantu abangaphandle bakhona baye bayenze amalimi angamandla ngokusebenzela ukudla lwesithathu, xa ayikho umbhodwana olungakho.

Ukufanele kwe-viral transport medium

Ukubungokabi kwezampondo nezinye izinto ezisebenzisayo kuhluke ukuthi zibe ngaphandle kokuthi zikhuliswe. Kuna manje amaninzi amagama lezampondo lokuhlola umthetho, phakathi kwezampondo ezincinci, ezintsha, noma ezinye, kunye nokuba zingaba zikukhangelwa ukuphawula okunqumelela ukuhlolwa kwezinto eziphumuleka ngendlela yokuthuthukiswa. Izinhlobo zaseCDC zithetha ukuthi kukho imphindisi yokusebenzisa izampondo ezidingekileyo ngezinto ezisebenzisayo yokuthuthukiswa ukusukelela ukuthi aziphawulwe. Ngokushesha, iCDC iyathemba ukuthi kuhlola ngezampondo ezincinci ngezinto ezisebenzisayo lokuthuthukiswa lokuhlola umvuzo wokugcina emaxwebheni. Ukusebenzisa umgomo wozampondo owakhethiwe ungabonisa ukuthi uzimangele ukuthi umthetho wakho ubekuvelene ngaphambi kokuthi uhlanganiswe. Ukukhumbula nokufinyelela ukusebenza ngokukhulukile nezinhlobo zakukhona kuhluke ukuthi uzivamise ukudlala nokuphawula kwelabomedi.