Amaswabu emanzini-wopharynx amahlelwa ngokuphezulu ukusamphula umthimba wesithathu kwisezulwini. Izinsimu zezinto lapho zisamphula izimpawu ezintshonalendawo esilinthe ngephandle kwengezi, okuningi lokuncedwa kokuthola ivayile ezintshonalendawo. Ngumoya omusha kunye nezinye eziphakeme, ezizama ukuthola izimpawu ngenqanawe yokubhala nokuhlola umthimba wokuqala kwisezulwini. Izigaba ezimbili ezifihlwe yindlela apho amaswabu emanzini-wopharynx aziphindze amakhompiyela akhe akudetekisi kakhulu kwisezulwini esintshonalendawo, okungafuneka ukuthi kube noma yintliziyo yokuthola ivayile efanele.
Izinduna zokuphendula okwesibhedlela kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-ndawo yokushintsha ukuthi umthetho wokuqala lokusebenza nokuthi amaphathane angaphezu kokucacisa. Izinduna zakhiwe ngokukhangelwa kwe-rayon noma ipoliamfesithi, amaxhobo osekwe yizo zokungena izinto ezinomsindo nokuba amanani ahlukileyo akhangeleyo. Ukufumanisa amaluzi amahlukelesi, kuhlanganisiwa ngokuthi lezinduna zikhethwe ngendawo yokugcina ukuthi azikho amandla amakhulu amagcinayo emuva kwenqanawe yokulayisha ngokushintsha. Ukusetshenziswa kunye nokubuyekezo kwezinduna zokuphendula okwesibhedlela kuhlanganisana nokuhlola nokuhlola kuyona into esihlangene nokuthi amasampula akhangeleyo ayiphindeleyo.
Izambulwa zokubhala eziphumaphi kwenkabi yaseNasal zihlela imbali phakathi komphakathi nokuthuthukise kufakelwa kwezimali. Zikhishwe ukuyibuyela iphakathi lembumbulo yenkolomoni, lokuzoba ngazo ukusindiswa kokugcina, ukuze bayekho emfuneko yokuthathwa okupheleleyo phakathi kwezinye ezininzi izilimi. Izibonelo zingezulu ukuba ukuthatha kwebhopho lase-turbinate luhlobene nesikombisa sokuthintwa kwamavayivhasi amadladla, lokuthi luhlola uphawu lwendawo ekwenzekayo phakathi komphilo okuphakathi nokuthuthukise olungena. Lento i-Nasal mid-turbinate swabs iyabonisa ngokupheleleyo lokuthi kufanele labe kwisebentiso esisodwa nokuthiwe kwezilimi ezidingekileyo.
Iziswabesu zesiNaze esilungileyo ngokulayishwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kakhulu phakathi komhlaba, besebenzisa kakhulu ngamaxesha okukhawulezanga. Ukubanzi kwegama lwe-use lapho lokusebenza khona uqondela ukuba bayenza kahle izinketho ezahlukene emfundo wokuhlanganisa kwendawo yokugcina, noma yonke amaxesha apho abantu basebenzisa izinketho zabo ngalokhu uzoba ziziphi zinto ezinikezayo. Izindlela ze-clinical trials zithi iziswabesu zesine zesiNaze zizoshintsha imibuzo engapheleleyo ngokuthi zihamba ngokubani nezi-zi-deeper sampling methods ngaphandle kokunye nawo. Ukufaka kwezinto ezimbili nemveliso wenkxaso uyavumela ukuba zisisebenzise kakhulu iziswabesu zesine zesiNaze ngokushesha kunye nokuhlola, futhi babalulekile ngokuphathelana nobuciko obuchasene ngezikhathi ezidingekayo.
Kuleso sikhathi sokubeka amaswabhi yemediweli, ukukhetha kwezilimi zinikamisekile. Izifayibhili zokuphela zizihleli izincwadi ezithunyelwe ngaphandle kokuthi idondoti elitshezi lecotton kunesiphi esisodwa nokuhlola okulandelayo lokusebenza. Ngokushesha, amaxhobo aphantsi njenge-nylon nepolyester azimakamisekile ngokuba baye abangene ngeendaweni zakhozo lomdla, okungakuvumela ukuhlola kweendlela ezindaweni. Lomgcalo ufanele kuhluke kakhulu lokuhlola amalaba emlabeni. Ukudibanisa komkhakha waseFDA kunikeza ukubonelela ukuba zilimi zingazama ukusetyenziswa ngokubonisa, ngoba zihlabeleka ngokukhulu lokuhlola lokuhlola kahle kwesiphumo somediweli. Ukubekela umnotho wokuqala lokuhlola kuhluke kakhulu lokuhlola ukuba amaswabhi akusetyenziswa angafanele ukufinyelela nokuthuthukisa amasampula angahlukileyo.
Ukubuyiswa kwezindlela zokushesha kusukela ukuthi lokhu lungenzi kahle okungakhothekayo nokungabonakali. Izindaba ezidinga zihle zilandelwe amashafu amahlula ahlula amanqanawa aphoqelekileyo ngaphandle kokuthi bakhululekile abamangeni ukusetshenziswa ngenxa yokuphindezelwa kwezifazamithi ezinethemba ukuthi akhishoni iziphumo eziphumuthile kwindawo yokugcina. Ngokwesicelo, umnotho wokushesha lwakhe luhlinzekile isikhombiso sokushobisa ukuba akhishoni indlela yokuchochotya ngasinye sokuquketha amasampuli. Lolu, ngaphandle kokufanelela ukuzama ukuthi umuntu omncane uboniswe kunye nokuthi kuhloniphe umdlalo wezinto ezichasene, uzame ukuthola umdlalo wesampuli. Ngakho ke, ishafu esibuyiselwe kakhulu sifunda phakathi kwesikhatsi sokusebenza kakhulu kwezindaba ezinethemba.
Ukufunda ukuthi amaswabhu angahluke ngezilungiselelo zokuthaphela, njengamasakhelo wesaliva, kuhlanganiswa ngokuphelele yezimpawu. Izilungiselelo zakho kufanele ziguqule izinto ezithunyelwe kusukela kwiseva yesampuli ngokusukela kwesikhwama sesikhwembiso. Iindlela zokusebenza labhophi zikhetha okuthi lokhu kuhlanganiswa, uzame ukuthi amaswabhu amahlukeneyo akhishwe ukuze zibuyeleyo amanani ahlukaneyo. Abanye abasebenzi bakhuluma ukuthi kukhona indlela yokukhangisa nokuthi amaswabhu amahlukeneyo akhishwe ngenxa yezilungiselelo ezikhethwe ukuthi zifinyele ifaketho elingana. Ukugcina amaswabhu amahlukeneyo nezilungiselelo zokuthaphela zihlukile izimpawu zesampuli, lokhu kuziphatha ngokubonakali kakhulu kwiindlela zokuthuthwa.
Ukuguqula ukulungisa kweziqhuthu zaseFDA liyinhlangano elikhulu lokuhlola amaswi ehlukene ngezincwadi ezifanayo kwisebe esingabonakali. I-FDA ibhalela uprosesu lwesicatshulwa esidingekileyo olubheka izincwadi zokuhlola nokugcina ngaphambi kokufuneka amaswi adibizwe. Lolu hlobo tshona luhlinza isihloko sasemoya sesiboniselwe ngokuthi amaswi angavame iindlela ezindilingayo. Ngakho ke, abasebenzisi babebonelele ukuze bafinyelele amandla amahhuliwe kweFDA, okungabizwa ngenkinga yokuhlola okushintsha kunye nokuthi kube khona ukusuka kwabo kakhulu kumthetho wokususa lokulungiselela.
Ukufumana u-ISO certification kuyinhlobo esiphumeleleyo ngoba ukusigodla ukuba izinto zilungiselelwe nge-amandla okuthile olunyelekelayo, lokhu kuvumela ukubaluleka kweziciko. Abasebenzisi abahlukene nge-ISO certification behlukene ukuphendula amakhono akhathali kwaye kufanele bakubizwe ingxenye yokuqinisekisa phakathi kweziqhawu zokuhlola ukuthi azibukeze i-status yesiqhawu sakhe. Kwesigaba sesikhethelo somculo, i-ISO standards siphumeleleyo ukuthi kulungiselelwa ukucacisa umthetho wemvume kodwa sihlalela isithombe sokwenzeka kwe-trading emfuleni nge-compliance, vumelana nokuba abasebenzisi bazifinyelele amaxhobo ekubeni abangena ngokushesha.
Impendulo ye-CE yisiso sokuqinisekisa esihle lokuhlola ukuba amagama angaphambili ayithetha i-EU ingxenye ezidingekileyo yokugcina, usopho, kunye nokulindela kwezinye izinto. Lompendulo kufanele kuzenzakalelayo kwiseva zokugcina zonke ezilungiselelwe eziyi-Europe, uhlobo oluhlobene nge-amandla okudingekayo. Ukubanzi kwe-CE akwazi ngokuthi kuyenza ukulinganiswa kunye nokususa ukuhlanganiswa kwezilimi ezintsha ezintsha ze-EU, ukucacisa umthombo wesiqephu sokulinganiswa sokuthi impendulo yesi-CE kufanele kuzenzakalelayo kumhlaba wase-Europe ngempumelelo.
Ukukhetha phakathi kwezicelo zokugcina kunye nezwi lwesibheqo esizenzekelayo ezinamandla kufanele kube kuhloniphephe ukuba kuhlanganise imigomo yezilungiselelo nokuphucula okanye. Ngokwesobizo, izicelo zokugcina zikhona ngokubanzi, kodwa zikuphucula isiqephu sokuquka ukusuka emva kokuthi azikhuliswe ngokuphi. Ngokunye, iwi lesibheqo esizenzekelayo sizifane ngebarijeni lokuhlola ukuya kwindawo yokulungiswa, lokuna kuchazeka ngazo kakhulu kumahluko olungileyo. Amagama amahle amaphi apho akhuseleka ukuba leso sicala sokugcina kufanele sikhethe umthetho wesithathu sokusetshenziswa ukusukela isenzo yesiphumo sendawo yokusebenza ukuze usafisene nokuthola nokuphucula.
Ukufakwa kwezilungiselelo ngaphandle kokuthiwe yinhlangano kuhluke kusukelela uhlobo lomphilo weeswi wokuhlola. Ukugcina ngenqanawe yokuthiwe, njengokubonisa ukhohlwa kunye neentsha ezidingekayo, kuhluke lokunyelekileyo, njengoba betheniwe khona ngamandla okuthathu. Ukusebenzisa amasistimu akwakhululekileyo lokuvavanya lezi zinto zakhiwo iziphumo somlingane lwemfene. Izibalo zikhuphe ukuthi ukungafundiswa kwabanye abantu lalokhu kuyenza ukuthatha amapayili emkhankheni endaweni yokuhlala, ngaphandle kokuthiwe esisodwa, okungahluke ukuthatha umsebenzi omncane weswi.
Ukufakwa kwezindlela ezibizwangi lomphathisi wokuthatha amaswabu kuhlu kungavimbiso ukusuka-kwesikhatsi esincane klinikhalini. Ukufakwa lokhu kuhlukile ukuthi zonke imiswabu zibe ngaphambili zakhiwe, futhi ukuthi abasebenzisi basehlathiko babekwe umsindiso wesikhashana lokusebenza lokugcina. Amalimi apha akhuphazima ukunquma kokusuka-kwesikhatsi futhi akuyahlukanisa izilimo zokubheka. Izidingo zezindlela ezibizwangi, ezivamiswe yamatimu eziyinhloko zezihlathi labantu, zikhupha kahle phakathi komoya okulandelayo nokuhlukanisa ukuthatha amaswabu.
Umbiko omunye okuxhaswayo kwiqhutywa lapho amahlale aqhutywano akuzisetshenziswa, lokhu liqinisekileyo ukufinyelela umphako wokushesha noma ukusombulula ukuhlawulwa. Ukusetshenziswa komboni ezikhathalayo kungabikho isiphumo sokushesha somphakathi nemibhalo engaqondisiweyo. Ukukhupha iimboniso zokuthi zingaba ngcono, kuhlukaniswa nokuhlola iziphi amahlale angabanzi kunye neziphi izixhobo ezidingekileyo, kuhlukeleka ukubaluleka ngenqubo yokugcina le ndlela, bese bayazi ukuba babonelele abantu abasebenzela amahlale.
Abanye bezilungiselelo babizwa ukuba bazifanele ukubona imithetho yemvume, ngokusingabi ngendlela yindlela ezisetshe zokusebenza kumncedisi. Imvume yasemva ingayibonisa isiphumo sokushesha kwamandla yokusebenza, ukuba kube ngcono ukuthi amandla amaningi aluhlola ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokubheka. Ngenkinga yokubheka, kukhumbulwa ukuba imvume zisetshenziswa ngokudinga lokuncedisi lokusebenza ukuvusa ukuthi kungaba phakathi komkhulu wokungena kwenqanawe. Le ndlela enkulu yokubala kuhlonishwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokubheka.
Impahla eyaphakamisi kakhulu yindlela yokuhlala ukuthi kube lula ukuhlala ngenqanawe yamathebha amacost-saving ngaphandle kokuhlonipha i-sobukhulu esikhathini. Lolu hlobo lokuhlala lokulandwa kokubili phakathi komunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezikhathini zokuthola, uzame ukufa efana nenkinga lezi zilandelwe. Ngokushesha ukuthi ukugcina imali yakwamanje kunjalo kungabangela, uhlu lwamalungelo alithetha ukuthi izinethi zomphilo zokusebenza kumkhonto akavunyelwe, futhi abasebenzisi bezinhlanhleni babizwe ukuba bazingene nezi ziningi lokho ukusombulula usosobukhulu wemphilo.
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