Ngā Pātītī Whakamātautau Viral: Te Whakamātautau i ngā Pūtake Mate i te Hāngai

He aha ngā Kōpae Whakamātautau Mātua e whakamāhinga ana i te whakamārama tika me te whakamārama hāngai o ngā pūrākau mātua

Ngā Huarahi o te Tāwhai i ngā Āhua Tātai: He aha te hāngā o te kōpae me te āhua o te whāriki e whakamāhinga ana

Ko ngā kōpae whakamātautau hauā o tēnei wā e whai ana i tēnei āhua: te whakamātua i ngā pārāwaha hauā mai i ngā whāriki mūkosa, ā, i muri iho, te whakamātua tōtika, tōtika hoki i ngā wāhanga ki te wāhi whakamātautau hei whakamātautau i ngā āhua ā-tātai. Ko ngā kōpae kua whakamātautau kia rereke—kua hanga kia whai i ngā kōpae naylon mātātoko i te tauā o ngā kōpae—e whai ana i tēnei āhua o te whāriki o te maha o ngā whāriki, e whakamāhi ana i te mahi o te kapirī, hei whakamātua i ngā wāhanga hauā me ngā pūkoro ā-pūkoro. Ko tēnei āhua e whakapānui ana i te rahi o te kōpae, ā, e whakamāhi ana hoki i te whakamātua tōtika: heke mai i te 80% o ngā wāhanga kua whakamātua kia whakamātua mai i te whāriki, i te rereke o te 20–40% mō ngā kōpae rayon kua whakamātua. Ko ngā whakamātautau e whakamāhi ana i te whāriki o te whāriki e whakawhitinga ana i te whakamātua i ngā pārāwaha (West et al., 2022), e whakaatu ana i te āhua o te whakamātua i te mātua o te mātua o te whakamātautau. I te rereke, ko ngā kōpae rayon kua whakamātua he whāriki kāore he rārangi o ngā kōpae, e whakamāhi ana i te whakamātua i ngā pārāwaha me ngā pūkoro o te tinana, e whakamāhi ana i te rahi o ngā āhua ā-tātai e whakamāhi ana i te PCR. Mā te whakamātua i te rārangi o ngā kōpae me te rahi o ngā kōpae, ko ngā kōpae kua whakamātua kia rereke e whakamāhi ana i tēnei āhua o te whakamātua kia rereke i waenganui i te kaimātua me te kiritaki—e whakamāhi ana i te rereke o ngā kaimātua, ā, e whakamāhi ana hoki i ngā āhua ā-tātai o ngā pārāwaha mai i te whakamātua i tēnei āhua.

Ngā Pātai o ngā Kōpae Tāwhai, ngā Kōpae Rayon, me ngā Kōpae Hāngā: Te Whakamātautau ā-Whāinga i te Whakauru i ngā Wāhanga o ngā Wīra

Ko te whāinga o te whakamātautau i ngā mate o ngā huinga o ngā wāhanga o te hauā, he whakamātautau i te aha o te kōpae e whakauru ana i ngā wāhanga o ngā wīra kia tū tonu, kia whakamātautau ai. Ko ngā momo e toru o ngā kōpae e whakamāhi nei he rerekē tonu i ō rātou mahi:

Ka tutuki i ngā papanga kōpaki he pai ake te whakaora ehara i te mea anake mā te whakapiki ake i te mata, engari mā te waiora o te mata hydrophilic i pai ake mō te whakaurunga me te whakaurunga. I whakaaturia e tētahi rangahau nui i te tau 2010 i whakapai ake ngā papanga i whakaranuhia ki te nairona i te āhukahuka o te kitenga o te pathogen e tata ana ki te 30% ki te rayonte nuinga nā te tere, te tino tino whakaranu (Verhoeven et al., 2010). Ahakoa he pai ake te mahi a ngā papanga parahi rauropi i te raiona, ka mau tonu te wāhanga o te tauira i roto i a rātau, ā, ka iti ake te hua. Mō ngā tono haumanu me te mātakitaki tino nuiina koa kei te tūmanakohia he iti ngā kawenga huaketoko te papanga koura e tautokohia ana e ngā whakaaturanga tonu te paerewa koura.

Ngā Aratuka Kohikohi Kua Whakamanahia: Te Whakataurite i ngā Pūwhiritia Tauira Virus ki ngā hiahia o te Hauora me te Aroturuki

Nasopharyngeal vs. Anterior Nasal vs. Self Collection: Ngā Whakatau i roto i te Whakaaro, Te Whakaaetanga, me te Whakatauranga

Ko te tangohanga tauira o te ihu (NP) te tikanga tohutoro mō te kitenga o te pathogen o te manawa, e tuku ana i te āhukahuka nui rawa atu, ina koa he iti te kawenga huaketo. I mahia e ngā tākuta whakangungu mā te whakamahi i ngā papanga ātaahua, ka tino nui te kohikohi NP i te hua pūtau me te tuku huaketo. Heoi anō, ko tōna whakaeke me te whakawhirinaki ki ngā kaimahi mohio e aukati ana i te kaha o te whakawhitinga i te wā o ngā pikinga. Ko te tango tauira o mua o te ihu (AN) te tikanga i waenganui-turbinatehe iti ake te awangawanga, ā, he ngāwari ki te whakahaere i a ia anō. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ka tutuki i ngā papanga AN te 8595% o te āhukahuka NP i roto i ngā tāngata tohu, ahakoa he iti te heke o te mahi i roto i ngā rōpū kore tohu (CDC, 2022). Ko te kohikohi ake mā te whakamahi i ngā papanga AN, i ngā tikanga hoki e hāngai ana ki te waikura rānei, ka whakakore i ngā ārai ā-roto, ka nui ake te hua me te whakaurunga o te hapori. Mēnā ka whakakotahihia ki tētahi tohutohu poto, ka taea e te kohikohi ake te whakamātautau whānui i runga i te tauine. He mārama te whakataurite: ahakoa ka ngaro pea i ngā tauira AN i kohia e te tangata ake te 515% o ngā taumata iti-pai i te NP, ko ngā painga o te uru, te auau, me te whaihua he nui ake i tēnei hereina i te nuinga o te wā mō te tirotiro i te taumata taupori me te

Ngā Whakamātautau Āwhina i te Whakamātautau Tāwhai mā ngā Kōpae Whakamātautau Wīrūs mō ngā Whakamātautau Pūkenga Teitei

Ko te whakamātautau whakakotahite whakakotahi i ngā tauira tātari takitahi maha ki tētahi tātaritanga kotahie whakanui ake i te kaha taiwhanga me te kore e whakawhānui i te wā hurihuri. Ka kohia ia tauira mā te whakamahi i tētahi papanga tātari huaketo motuhake, kua whakamanahia, kātahi ka whakaputahia ki tētahi ngongo tiritiri o te pāpāho kawe hototahi. Ko ngā rahi o te pounamu e tau ana i te 5 ki te 20, kua whakaritea ki te horapa ā-rohe me ngā rohe kitenga tātaritanga. I kitea e tētahi rangahau whakamana i arotakehia e te hoa, ko te whakakotahi i ngā tākai ihu o mua e 10 i whakaiti i te āhukahuka e 36% anake i whakaritea ki te PCR takitahi, ahakoa tata ki te rohe o raro o te kitenga o te tātai (PLOS ONE, 2021). Ko te angitu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakamahi i ngā papanga me ngā pāpāho kua whakaaetia mō te eSwab, i ngā pūnaha ōrite rānei; ka mōrearea te whakaheke waikawa karihi i ngā huinga kore e pai. Ko ngā pouru pai ka whakaoho i te whakamātautau ā-whakaaro o ngā tauira takitahi; ko ngā pouru kino ka whakakore i ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi katoa i te wā kotahi. Ka tiakina e tēnei rautaki ngā tātaritanga, ka whakaitihia te utu ia whakamātautau, ā, ka tautoko i te tirotiro auau i ngā kura, i ngā wāhi mahi, i ngā whare noho o te iwi whānui. Ko tōna kaha tūturu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tikanga kohikohi paerewa me te kawe tika i te wā e rua e tino nui ana ki te tiaki i te pūmautanga o te waikawa karihi i mua i te tukatuka.

Whakamāmātanga o ngā kōpae whakamātautau hauā i te ao ōrite: te pūmau, ngā mahinga whakamānui, me ngā tikanga tika

Te whakamātātutanga o ngā wāhi whakamānui i te rūma-tāmata, me ngā rārangi pūmau o te RNA hauā

Ko te tōtika o te RNA huaketo e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hototahi i waenganui i te momo papanga me te pāpāho kawe. Ko ngā pāpāho kawe whānui (UTM) me ngā pāpāho kawe huaketo (VTM) e hāngai ana i te tote guanidine, ka whakahohe i ngā pathogens, ka aukati i ngā ribonucleases, ka taea ai te rokiroki pūmau i te pāmahana taiao. E whakapumautia ana e ngā aromatawai a te CDC e kitea tonu ana te SARS-CoV-2 RNA i roto i te UTM mō te 14 rāme te iti iho i te 1-log10 te whakaheke i te kawenga huaketoi te wā e whakaatu ana te RNA A huaketo i te pūmautanga mō te 10 rā i raro i He nui ake te mahi a ngā papanga i roto i ēnei pūnaha: ka whakanui ake i tō rātou hoahoa pūkaha te kaha o te whakakorenga, ka nui ake te whakaora waikawa karihi ahakoa i muri i te rokiroki roa. Heoi anō, ko ngā huinga tātari kore-whakatau, ka tere ake te whakaheke RNA ka pūrongo ngā rangahau ki te 50% te nui ake o te ngaronga i roto i ngā haora 48 ina whakamahia ngā huinga kāore i te whakamanahia (Li et al., 2020). Ko ngā aratohu turetae atu ki ngā taunakitanga a WHOe arotahi ana ki te whakamahi i ngā takirua tauwhāitiwaenga kua oti te whakarite i roto i ngā rangahau pūmautanga ā-mana. I roto i ngā tautuhinga iti rawa te rauemi, i te tūnga rānei, kāore e taea te whiriwhiria te kōwhiringa o taua whakaōritenga i whakaritea hei pupuri i te pono o te tātaritanga ina kore e wātea te rārangi makariri.

Ngā Tikanga Tika o te Whakamāhi i ngā Kōpae Whakamātautau Ārai Mātua me ngā Rōpū Tāpoi

• Te whakamārama i mua i te whakamāhi : Whakamātauria te whakamāngai o te kōpae me te wāhi whakamāhi i runga i ngā rārangi whakamāramatanga o te whakamātautau; he pai ake ngā kōpae hāere mai i te nylon me te UTM, VTM rānei.
• Te tikanga whakamāhi : Whai i te tātai i te ara tika—whakauru ki te pākoki (hei tauira: NP: aki mai i te tapa whakamuri; AN: i te wāhi waenganui o ngā turbinates), whakawhānui i te kōpae i te wā 5–10 herenga, whakakī mai i te kōpae kāore e whakapā i ngā wāhi wāwata.
• Te whakakī atu tonu : Whakaputua te kōpae ki te wāhi whakamāhi i roto i ngā herenga 30; pāwhara, pāwhara rānei i te taha o te kōpae i te tohu pāwhara hei whakamārama kia pūmau, kia kore e wete.
• Te tuhinga ingoa me ngā kōrero : Tuhia ngā ingoa o te kiritaki, te rā me te wā o te whakamāhi, me ngā momo kōpae ki te tātai; whakamāhia ngā tohu bar-code hei tautoko i te whakamāhi automati i ngā mahi nui.
• Te tiaki me te tuku : Pānuihia i te 2–8°C mēnā he whakamātautau i rōrahi i te 72 hāora; whakamarokea ki te –70°C mō ngā whakamātautau roa ake. Kāore e taea te whakamāhuatanga i ngā whakaritenga o te rōpū hukapapa mēnā kāore i whakamātua ngā whakamātautau whakamātautau i te pūmau o te hāngā i te wā o te tāwhai, te rōpū hukapapa, me ngā pūrākau.
• Whakapau Kounga : Whakamātua ngā whakamātautau whakamātautau i ngā wā e tātari ana; whakamahinga ngā tauira kāore i te pūmau hei whakamātautau i te tikanga o te whakakāpae, te whakamāhi i ngā kōrero, me ngā whakaritenga o te whakamāhi i ngā kōrero.

FAQ

• He aha te rerekētanga i waenganui i ngā swab flocked me ngā swab rayon? Ko ngā swab flocked he ngāwai nylon e tū ana i te taha, ā, ka whakamāhua ai ngā kōrero, ā, ko ngā swab rayon he ngāwai e whakawhiti ana i ngā virus, ā, ka whakamāmā ai te whakamātautau.
• He aha te take i rere kē ai ngā swab flocked mō ngā whakamātautau COVID-19? Ko ngā swab flocked he tino pūkenga i te whakakāpae i ngā kōrero o te virus me te whakamāhinga, ā, he pai rawa atu mō ngā whakamātautau tino pūkenga o ngā pūrākau.
• He pono ngā kōrero o ngā swab i whakakāpae ai ngā tāngata anō? Āe, ko ngā kōpū i te ihu mua hei whakamātautau ake i te tangata e taea ai te whiwhi i te āhua o te 85% i te whakamātautau i te kōpū i te ihu ki te kōpū i te ihu me ngā kōpū i te ihu o te kaimātai, ā, he iti ake ngā whakamātautau i ngā tangata e pāngia ana.
• He aha ngā whakamārama o te whakamātautau i te rōpū? Ko te whakamātautau i te rōpū he iti ake ngā utu me ngā rongoā e whakamahinga ana, ā, he whakamārama hoki i te mahinga me te whakamārama o te whakamātautau, ā, he iti ake ngā whakamātautau i ngā wā e whakamātautau ana i te nuinga o ngā tangata.
• Me pēhea te tiaki i ngā kōpū mō te whakamātautau i ngā wīro? Me tiaki ngā kōpū i te 2–8°C mēnā ka whakamātautau kia 72 haora, i te wāhi pūrākau −70°C mō te tiaki i te wā roa, i te wā e whakamārama ana i te whakamārama o te whakamātautau i te wāhi pūrākau.