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Te Uaua Nui o te Whakamahiwhenua i ngā Tari Whakapūtanga Pīpī
Te Whakamana i te Whakaritea o ngā Kaituhi Matekai
Ka whakarēhita ngā hiko kōrori i te pai o tētahi taumata whakamomori me te whai muri ana ki ngā hua whakamomori e hokianga ana me ngā whakatau e heke tonu ana. Ki runga i ngā paoro whakapūtake waiwai, nui rawa te hiranga hei tiaki i te mea kaore i ngā mate i roto i ngā paoro kauwhau e āheinga ana ki te whakawheowheo me te whakaputu mai i ngā mate i waenganui i ngā whakamomori. He hira te tikanga whakapūkengenge hei tiaki i aua paoro kia kore ai i ngā hiko kōrori, hei tiaki anō hoki i te pai o ngā momo taumata i whakapūtakea. Noho ai ki ngā whakaaro a te WHO mō te haumanu kōpihopihopito, he huarahi pūkengengenga kotahi hei whakaiti i ngā kōrori e āheinga ana ki ngā taumata me ngā hua whakamomori.
Te Whakamana i ngā Hua Whakatau Tangata
Ko te mea nui kia tiakina ngā pūtōngi whakaako kai mō te whakamana i ngā whakatau pai e hiahia ana te hunga hauora ki te whakapono. Ki te kore e tiakina ngā pūtōngi, ka tae atu ēnei ki ngā mira o era atu rīpoata, ko te take ka whakarewa i ngā putanga, e whakaatu ana i te hokinga hei tiaki i te tikanga tiakina. Ko te taha nui o te whakatiakina hei whakangungu i ngā momo whakatau. E ai ki ētahi pūrongo klinika, inaianei he kupu hoki i roto i ngā tuhinga kua puta i te 'Journal of Clinical Microbiology', e whakaaturia ana te nui o te urunga o te tiakina ki te whakatika me te whakamana o ngā whakamātau whakatau i runga i te katoa. Kia whakangungu ngā pūtōngi i te wāhi tapuhei hei āwhina i te whakatau klinika e whakaatu ana i te āhua o te oranga bio hei tiaki i te pai o te manaaki i ngā mate.
Nga Tohu Matua Tahutahu mo nga Puipui Upoko
Tahutahu Autoclave me te Wai Whakarite
Mō ngā pūtē whakawai para, ko te whakamahana i te wai iti nui te take hei whakapakaruhi i te tirohanga, nā te mea ka ora ai te wai iti nui i ngā momo hunga iti katoa. Ko te mahi tino pai me te whakarite tonu hoki o tēnei whakapakaruhi i mohio ki ngā rorohiko tuatahi e mano nei i runga i te ao. He mea nui anō hoki ko te pai rawa me te whakarite tonu o tēnei whakapakaruhi, nā reira ko tēnei he taumata whakanui hei whakapakaruhi i te whakapakaruhi. Kua whakaae noa atu ngā manawha hauora, ā, ko te FDA tētahi, i te pai rawa o te whakamahana i te wai iti nui ki te tiaki i te tūponotanga o ngā matū biologi. Ki te whakamahana i te wai iti nui, ka kitea e ngā rorohiko i te mate hunga iti e taea ana te whakawehewe i ngā matū para, nā reira ka whakaitiia hoki te tohu pai o ngā pūtake whakamātau.
Te Whakarite Hōhā i te Matū Gamma
ko te 10 Gamma-rays he whakamahere whakamā mōhuanga kore-āhua, ka taea te whakamahi hei take mō te whakamā, e whai pūtake ana i tana whakamahi i runga i ngā inu me ngā hua whenua, me ngā para-kai mōna tonotono. Ko tēnei take e āhei ana ki te iti iho i ngā hoko whakamā me te pai noa iho hei whakarite i ngā tupe kapu upoko kia puta noa i te whakapakiri. Heoi, ka awhinatia e ngā Pūnaha Whakamā Kaiarahi Hauora (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) te whakamā Gamma hei paihere whakahirahira mō te whakamā o te tupe me te whakakore i te whakarerekē i ngā rara i whakamahia i roto i ēnei rīpoata. Ka tiakina e tēnei take te mana whenua o ngā matenga upoko me te pai noa iho te whakawhiwhi i ēnei matenga mō te tohutohu.
Te Whakahaere i te Hau Ethylene Oxide
Ko te whakamahana EtO (EtO) he whakahaere taumata rawa i whakamahia nui atu mo te whakamahana o nga mea matua hauora penei i nga puipui herehere upoko, i te wa e whakamahia ana nga rara kaha ki te werawera. Ka whai noa tenei take tuatahi ki te whakarite i te kotahi me te whakaputa i te tino rangatiratanga o te puipui, engari me whakahaere pai ki te wehe i nga whanaketanga reka. Nga whakaaro mai i te WHO e whakaatu ana i te wawe o te whakamahana o te EtO biocide mo nga mea matua hauora matatini. Ki runga i te whakahaere etiheni okisa, ka taea e nga tohenga whakamataki te wehe i te whanaketanga i nga patu upoko, hei whakamana i nga whakamatakitaki tika, e hiahia ana mo te rangahau me nga whakamatakitaki hinengaro.
Nga Tikanga Whaiaro mō te Whakahaere I Muri i te Whakarite
Nga Kawa Whakaaetanga Tika mō ngā Roa Kua Whakarite
I muri i te tahua, me whai ngā waehanga kohikohi o ngā pūtōmi whakapuhu waiwera i te tūmahi tika. Ki te āwhina i ēnei pūtōmi ki te noho iti i te hāpai i ngā mira, me whakaae rātou ki tētahi wāhi e tirotiro ana i te werawera me te huamutu. Ko te huamutu iti me te whakatika o te werawera he mea nui ki te tiaki i te kawe mai i ngā mīkere, e āhuatia nei te whakarerekē i te pūtake o te tahua o te pūtōmi. Ko te whakaaro ki enei tikanga ka āwhina ki te whakamutu i ngā whakarereke e taea ana i te nekehanga, ka āwhina hoki ki te tiaki i te whakapono o ngā raraunga rangahau e whai ake nei i ēnei taumata.
Whakawāhia i te Whakangaro I te Kuhuna
Ko te mea nui kia whakaiti i te whakapuaki i ngā pūtōrino i te wā e hīkoi ana i te mimiwhangai, hei whakaaturanga i te whakarite o ngā pūtōrino. Me whakatūria ngā ture me ngā mahere paheko i runga i tētahi take whaimana mo te aha ka mahi ai ngā kaihuihui i roto i ngā tohutohu haumaru. Ko tēnei ka whakauru ki te whakaiti i te whakapuaki i ngā pūtōrino ki ngā mea katoa e kore nei e pai ana, me te whakamahinga i ngā mahere paheko pai. Ka āhei i ngā rangahau ki te kite i ngā hoko pai, ko te ingoa he mea nui, ko ngā raraunga e hīkohia ana mai i ngā pūtōrino mimiwhangai he mea tūpato, ka taea te whakaatu anō.
Te Ukiuki o te Whakamutu i te Tino o te Pūnaha
Te Whaiwhai i te Rangitaki me ngā Tikanga Whakamutu
Ko te whakaaetanga o ngā rauemi he mea nui kia whakaaro i roto i te kohinga o ngā pūtake whakamahana mō te hoko maroke me ngā paoro whakamahana. He nui te hē ki te whakaae mai i te wāhi i tīmata ai te whakamahana i ēnei paoro, kia whai hua ki ngā āhuatanga mekanika me ngā āhuatanga hanga o ngā paoro. Ka kitea he mahi nui tēnei, hei tauira, te whakawhiti i te rautaki i roto i wai matu me te whai noa rānei i te wai i muri i te hua, ahakoa te tono ki ngā tohutoro MSDS hei tirotiro i te whakaaetanga ki ētahi pūkorero rānei me ngā taumaha kei te hanga i ngā paoro. Ki te whakapae te pūnenga o te paoro ki te whakamahana, ka horoia te rautaki rānei ka mate te paoro, koia nei ka whiu ki ngā hua o te whakauru maroke.
Whakahiihii Taurea me te Whakahaumi o nga Taunakitanga
He nui rawa anō te take nui e pā ana ki te whakarite i te rūnau o te mea tatakiu i runga i te mātaitanga, ko te whakaaro nui ki te whakamahara ki te wā. E āhei ana ngā wā moe tuhinga ki te whakarere i ngā mea nui i roto i ngā hākupu kaiwhiwhi, e tēnei ana ki te kore e pai ai ngā hua o ngā whakamātau i muri nei. Nāheko, kāti kitenga te mātaitanga hei whakarite iho i ngā mea nui me te whakaae ki te whakamātau pai. Ko tēnei he whiriwhiri i ngā momo mātaitanga e whakarite i te pai o ngā hua o ngā mea tatakiu e whakapae ana ki te wā, hei whakatika i te mātauranga pai me te whakaaturanga anō. Kua whakaaetia mai i ngā rautaki me ngā whakahau, ko te whiriwhiri i te mātaitanga e whakahaere ana i te wā hei whakatika i ngā hua pai o te whakamātau.