Whakamāramatanga Pipette: Rautaki Hira ki te Tūranga Pūmau

Mōhiotia te Whakamāramatanga Pipette me Tōna Nui

He aha te Whakarite Pipette?

Whakamātau i te Pipite Whakamātau i te pipite he whakamātau me te tautuhinga i te wāhanga o te pipite kia pai ngā raraunga me ngā raraunga e anahera ana mō ia whakawhitinga o te wai. He mea nui tēnei huarahi, nā tērā ka tiakina e ia nei ngā huringa o ngā huringa me te whakarite. Ki te kore whakamātau aroaro, ka āheinga te mahi o te pipite e ngā momo āhuarangi, uku, ranei me ētahi atu āhuatanga, ka paku tonu ngā wehewehe. Hoki haere, ko te itinga i te wāhanga e whai kaha ana ki te huringa nui i ngā huinga o ngā whakamātau, e kawe ana ki te ngaro o te mana motuhake o te matauranga. Ko ngā whakamomotu, ko ngā whakamātau paetawhiti, me te whakamātau he take nui hei whakatika i te waipū i roto i te whakawhanake moni e āheinga ana i ētahi herenga hiahia mo te mea e karangatia nei ko te "whakamātau".

He aha te Wāhanga Nui o te Whakarite Whakarerekētia mo te Matatika Rorohiko

Te whakarite anamata rawa ko tētahi wāhanga matua hei whakauru i te whakaheke o ngā pūnaha rara nei, kia kaua e whai wāhi ngā hapa haere rīpeka ki te whakawhaiti i ngā hua rangahau. Kua whakaatuia mai i mua he mea nui te whakapae i ngā hapa e taea ana ki te whakatika i roto i ngā wā whakarite anamata taumata. Hei tauira, kua āpitihia kei te 70% tōmua o ngā hapa ki roto i ngā pūnaha rara ka puta mai i ngā hapa pipetting. Anō hoki, tēnei e whakaatu ana i te nui o te hunga o te whakarite anamata. Nei pea, kua whakaaetia te whakarite pipette i waenganui i ētahi atu ratonga, e whakaatu ana i te mea he aha tā koutou mahi i runga i ēnei tikanga! Nā reira, e mahi ana ngā paerewa kē ki te whakapakari i te hoki whakamuri hei tūranga pai me te tiwhikete ki roto i te mahi pūtaiao.

Nga Momotuhi Pipeti mo te Whakamahinga Whare Hokohoko

Pipeti Takitahi vs Pipeti Akoranga-Rua

Ngā pīpeti waihanga kotahi he tūtohu iti noa iho mō ngā rorohiko. Ka whiwhi ai ngā kairangahau me ngā kaitari rorohiko i ngā whakamātau wai tika, ā, ki te iti noa iho ngā paunga, nā te mea ka whai wā tonu ki ngā kairangahau kia tika te hainatia i ngā reitini ki runga i ngā paunga iti. Nō reira, ngā pīpeti waihanga maha, e whakamahi ana ki te whakarahi i te āhua puta mai i ngā wāhi maha tae atu i tētahi wāhanga, ko te tino tikanga hei whakamahi i roto i ngā mahi microplate. Ko tēnei āhua he pai rawa ki te whakamahi i roto i ngā mahi maha, pērā i te whakaputa rongoā rānei, me te hunga mōleki, kei reira te take ki te whiu i te maha o ngā taumata i te wā kotahi, e āhei ana tērā ki te whakahokia i te mahi nui. Ko te kawe i waenganui i ngā pīpeti waihanga kotahi rānei, me ngā pīpeti waihanga maha, ka basea tonu i te momo kēmu me te maha o ngā taumata e hiahia ana koe ki te whakahaere i aua taumata – e pai ana ngā pīpeti waihanga kotahi mō ngā mahi iti me ngā mahi wai whaimana, ēngari ka whakamahi ngā pūnaha waihanga maha mō ngā whakamātau maha.

Te Kitea i te Pipeta Rānei e Pānga ki ngā Hanga Whakamātau o Tōu Whare Tūmai

Te whiriwhirihia te pipeta e tika ana ka taea i te maha o ngā take, pērā i te rahi horoi, te kikokiko o ngā wai, ā, me he aha te wānanga o te whakamahi i te pipeta. Ko ngā pipeta me te hiki hou pai kei te whakaū i te hiahia, hei tauira, ki roto i ngā wāhi pūtaiao e mahi ana i ngā wai kino kikokiko. Kāore te tino matauranga mo te whakamahi pipeta e whaihua ana i waenganui i ngā kaiwhakamahi: ko te whakamahi i ngā pipeta matihiko rānei he mea nui anō hoki hei whakaaro, nā tērā e āheinga ana i te ahumahi o te mahi, me te matua he whenua mahi e hiahiatia ana te kaihīrau me te tohu; [42]. Ki runga i te whanonga o te whenua mahi, ko Eppendorf me Gilson ngā kaihoko pai rawa, ā, i te maha o ngā wā, ka whakangungu i te paetawhiti mō ngā kaihoko āpure. Nā reira, mā te whakarite i te kuhu mai o te pipeta ki ngā taupānga ā-wahanga me ngā hiahia takitahi, ka taea e ngā raarangi rongoā wai whakamana i ō rātou mahi whakahaere i ngā wai, me te tino tika me te waiaro pai.

Ngā Tāngata Matua me te Whakarite hei Tika

Ngā Pūnaha Kāore i te Mōhiohei mo te Whakarite Pipeta Pai

Hei whai i ētahi taputapu hei whakatika i ngā whakaritenga o ngā pīpeti ki te wāhi tika. Tuatahitia, ko ngā tahuhu whakamātau nui rawa atu hei huarahi mō te kawe i ngā rauropi, inahea nei he tino hiranga i ngā micrograms. Anō, ka whakamahia ngā taū whakaritenga i waenganui i ngā kāwanatanga ASTM class 1 rānei ko E2, hei whakamātau i te whakatika o te tahuhu. Whakamutunga, ka whakamahia ngā paerewa whakamātau hei tirotiro i te mea ko ngā pīpeti e whakarite ana ki ngā whakaaetanga a te whakangākau. Kāore ēnei taputapu e whai ana i te tino hiranga me te tino tika mō ngā pīpeti i roto i ngā pūrongo whakaritenga. Ko ngā takarua mai i ngā kaihanga pūnaha pērā i Mettler Toledo rānei ko Sartorius he pai tūtohu, nā te mea he momo rangahau tino mōhiohio rātou, me te hiranga pai pai.

Whakatupu i te Taiao Tōmua mō ngā Putanga Whakamārama

He whiwhianga nui kia whakamahia te tari i te wā e whakarite ana i ngā pīpeti. He mea nui hoki te wāhi wehewehe, ka whai take tonu ki ngā tohutohu ISO 8655* me te huataunga iti. Ka taea hoki te whakaiti i ngā herehere kōwhatitanga, ā, ka awhinatia te whakatika i ngā rūngā hei tautoko i te mahi pai o ngā pīpeti. Nā ngā kaiwhakahaere kōwhiringa kē he whakaaro kia whakatūria ngā paetūnga hei tiaki i te kuhuhere ā-hawahe me te whakawehenga ā-ahu nei i te wāhi wehewehe. Me neke atu ngā waehere whakatika noa i te wā kia mau ai te wāhi kore-kōwhatitanga i roto i te kōwhiringa. Nō reira, ko ēnei pūrongo he mea nui mō te whakatūpūtanga pai o te whakatakoto, kia pai me te whakapono ngā mahi pīpeti.

Pūrongo Whakawhiti Pipihi Hira

Te Whakarite i ō Uru ā-Tūmau me ō Tūtohi

Ko to whakamahi i te āhuatanga o to whenua he mea nui, kia taea e koe te whakarite pai i to pipeta. Whakamua ki te hāpai i te tahutahu hei whakamahere i nga mea katoa kia pai ai te mahi o te whakaritenga. Me whakapai tuatahitia ano etahi atu mea hei whakamahere i nga taumata whakaritenga, penei i nga taonga whakarite, nga taumata whakaute, me etahi tipi pipeta e pai noa ai mo to whakaritenga. Ko te tikanga he whakariterite, inaianei ka mutu etahi kupu ake hei whakamahere i te pai o te mahi. He mea nui te whakariterite, kia kitea ai etahi atu raupapa hei whakamahere i te pai o te mahi. Ka riro mai etahi wā ka tiakina e koe te wa e whakamahia nei i te whakarite, kaoti noa iho te wa e whakamahia nei i te mahi.

Te Mahi Gravimetric

Te kawe mātara mea ko te wāhi whakarite tuatahi, i reira ka tataki i te taumata o te rauawa me te mahi pai. Kia waihanga i tēnei ki te whakapuaki i te rahi o te hōiho ki roto i tētahi kāpiti e noho ana i runga i tētahi taurangi whakamātau, ā, ka kite i te taumata. Ka taea e koe i tēnei te whakatauhia o te taumata o te hōiho i tirohia ki te mea e hoki mai nei i te rahi (me te whakaaro mo te pūnuitanga o te hōiho, inahea, wai, e āheinga nui ana i ngā raraunga). Hei tauira, ngā whakatōenga i waenganui i te pūnuitanga o te hōiho ka āheinga i te hokorari hiahia me te mea hoki ka hokona i ngā whakahaere whakarite. Ko tenei take matihiko ka taea te whakaae i te hokorari hiahia e pai ana mo te nui o ngā pūnuitanga me ngā wā e mahi ai te pipeta.

Tirohanga me te Tika

Tika – te mea kua pātata mai te aru ki te uara tētahi rawa. Pūmau – te whakapuakitanga o te wāhanga o ngā aru i roto i te tirohanga anō hoki i runga i ngā take ōrite. He mea nui ēnei tuhinga hei whiwhi i ngā hua pai o ngā huringa. Ka taea te whakamahere i ngā momo hangarau tatauranga, pērā i te 'Mean Absolute Error' hei tirohia te tika me te 'Coefficient of Variation' hei tirohia te pūmau. Ko ngā aru pūmau he āhuatanga hei āwhina ki te whakamana i ngā hua o ngā huringa mā te tirohia ngā hapa rangahau e āheinga ana ki ngā hua. Ka tukua e ēnei pūtake i te whai wāhi me te whakamana mo te mahi pūtaiao, ka kitea ake.

Whakatōmuri i ngā Tautohe Nohoana

Ki te kua whakamahia ngā paanga, e hiahiatia ana ngā whakatika hei whakaora i te taurangi o te pipeta. Nō te wā, ko ngā whakatere whānui hei whakarite i te taurangi me te whakarerekēnga i ngā tūtohu mō te wehenga matawhai. Whakaaetia ngā whakarerekē katoa inaianei, kia mau ai tēnei korero mō ngā taunaki taurangi i mua, nō reira, ko te tuhinga he rauemi mō te taurangi. Ko te whakamana i te taurangi i muri i te whakahou, he mea nui ki te whakaheke tonu i te pai o ngā paanga i muri iho. Ko te whakamatautau i muri i ngā whakarerekē, he mea nui rawa kia whakamana i te mea kua puta mai i ngā whakarerekē nei, e hiahiatia ana kia pai ai te tīmatanga, ka puta he whakahaere pai me te kore whakapae i te pipeta.

Te Whakahaere i te Tinana: Te Waeawe i ngā Momo Whakarerekētanga

Te Tautuhinga me te Whakatika i te Wherawhera Tika

Ko te whakawāheke taumata whakarite he mate i ngā wānanga o te tino whakarite i runga i ngā atihau, pērā i te whakamahi me ngā āhuatanga ā-wāhi. Ki te kite i te whakawāheke taumata whakarite, e hiahiatia ana kia whakatauhia ngā whakahaere o te pipeta ki ngā paihikara mōhiotia, ā, kia whakauruwhai pūkengi ki ngā wehewehenga. Nā ngā momo whakahaere e whakapakiri nei i te whakawāheke, ko te whakahoki whakaaro rerekētanga i te wā e whai ake ana i ngā whakaritenga nui i te whakarite pūngao, me te tiaki i ngā āhuatanga whare hokohoko whakarite. E hiahiatia ana te tirohanga whakarerekē ki te whakamutunga i te whakawāheke e painga ana ki ngā hua o ngā huringa takutaku. Ko tēnei he tikanga matua hoki hei tiaki i te whakamahitanga me te whakaaturanga i roto i te tika o te matauranga.

Ngā Tikanga Whaihere Mō te Tiaki Anamata Pipeta Mo Te Wā Roa

Te whakamātau i te haumaru o te pipeta ki runga i te wā he mea whakarite i ngā mahi pai e taea ai te whakatīngia i tana ao mārama. Ka taea te whakarite i ngā mahi pai hei whakatūwhera i tana roa. Inahea, ka hiahia koe ki te whakapai i te pipeta ki te reira, ki te whakamahere i tana taonga whakarato, me te whakamahi i ngā pūpū pipeta e tika ana. Me whakangungu i ngā kaiwhakamahi i ngā momo hanganga pipeta, me te whakangungu i te āheinga i te wā e whakamahi ana. Ka taea te iti i te āheinga o te whakamahi i te wā e tika ana. Enei ngā take ki te pai me ngā take ki te kino mō te whakamahi:

• Mahi Pai :
  • Tikina i te wā ka hōpūpipu me te tirotiro i ngā pipeta.
  • Tiakina ki roto i tētahi taiao kore hū.
  • Whakamahi i ngā mōhiti e paunga nei i ngā tohutohu kaiwhakawehi.
• Kaua e :
  • Kaua e whakamahi ngā pūtonga riro whakaeke nehe rānei.
  • Kaua e tauria ngā pipeta ki te whānuitanga mō ēnei wā roa.
  • Tukua i te whawhai ki ngā werohanga o na moana iti me ngā werohanga nui.

Ki te whai kia pai ngā kaupapa matua nei, ka whai ake te roanga me te tiromataritanga o ngā pipeta, ka taea te mahi pai i roto i ngā tuhituhinga.