whakauru Fob: Ngā Tikanga Matua mō ngā Hoko Kiko Maha me te Wāhi

Ngā Tūtohu Matua mō te Whakahaere Pūtaiao o ngā Hokoanga Whakamahara

Whakaiti i ngā Pūnaha Whakamau

Ko te tirotiro i te waiporoporo me te higiene i waenganui i te kohikohi āhuarangi he mea nui kia whakaiti i te whakahē puta me te whakamana i ngā pūtake tohu tika. Ko te whakamahinga i ngā wāhi tapu me ngā rautaki tapu he mahi tuatahi i whanakea e ngā raraunga e whakaatu nei ko ngā whenua kore-tapu ka whakapakari i ngā ratonga whakahē. Hei tauira, ko tētahi raraunga i whakaputa i te Pukapuka Rongoā Kai e whakaatu nei i te iti haere i ngā ratonga whakahē i te whakamahinga i ngā wāhi tapu, āhua hoki. Nā te mea ko te mahi a ngā kaiwhakangungu whakapakari he mea nui rawa. Ko ngā ture whakangungu tika me ngā kaupapa mātauranga mō ngā kaimahi e kohikohi āhuarangi ana he mea nui hei whakaiti i te hapa tangata me te whakamana i te tahitanga o ngā kohikohi, kia tuturu ai te mana o ngā kohikohi.

Wā Tino Pai mō te Hokoanga Pūtaiao

Ko te wā e whai āheinga nui ana i te pai me te tūranga o ngā mutunga kaiwhakaawe, e whakarite ana i te matauranga o ngā whakamatautau. Ko te mōhio e tango ana i ngā taumata ki wā e whakaatu ai ngā raru tinana ki ngā totohi, ka kitea te noho o ngā matekai he pai rawa. Nā te mōhio hoki i ngā ritenga o ngā wā o te puku, ka taea te whakamārama i ngā wā pai hei totohi. He whakahau a ngā kaiārahi kia whakaaetia te totohi i runga i ngā tikanga tika a te tangata, kia whakapakari i te pai o te mutunga. Ki te whakatakoto i ngā mahi i roto i ngā ritenga o te wā, ka taea te whakamana i te whakaaturanga tika o te hauora o te puku, kia whakatipu ai ngā pūtake whakamatautau.

Ture mō te Nui o ngā Kōpaki Tika

Ko te whakarite i ngā ture mō te wheako ā-wheako e hiahia ana kia tiikina ngā huaanga whakamātau whakauru hei whakatika i ngā pūnaha whakamātau hangarau. He whakaaro nui a ngā tohunga kia tiikina te iti nei o 5 rama o te para kaiwhakaatu hei whakamātau i te wā, me te whakapae i ngā ture hangarau. Engari e āhei ana te rahi hokohoko e hiahiatia ana ki te momo whakamātau—hei tauira, he rerekē te rahi whakamātau i roto i ngā whakamātau microbiome i te whakamātau patu hunga. Me whakaae ki ngā whakaaturanga e pā ana ki te iti rawa, ki te nui rawa, inahea ka āheinga ki te whakatika i te whakamāoritanga o ngā whakatau. Ka puta mai te nui rawa hei whakawatea i te hokohoko, ko te iti rawa ka puta hei herehere i te mīhini hei whakamātau ā-whānui, ka whakapakaruha i te whakamāoritanga o te whakamātau.

Nga Ture Whakamahere Mō ngā Hokoaro Para Kīwaha

Tauira Whakamua Mō te Kaitiaki Tūmomo

He hiahia nui te mahi whakangungu i ngā poraka tūmomo tūhonotia hei whakatika i te paetanga hokohoko. Ka whakaritea te mahi ki roto i ētahi heke whakamua e whai ake nei i ngā tangata whai:

1. Whakatūpato : Huihui ngā rauemi hokohoko katoa, ā mua atu i ngā whakaritenga whakamahere me ngā kōpū whakapakari.
2. Tika : Hoki ngā ringaringa ki te horoi pai i te poaka me te wai, ā, pērā hoki i ngā hīkore tae noa hei iti i te take o ngā mate kaweake.
3. Pūranga : Whakangungu ki te kapu e tino mōhio ana, e kitea nei i runga i ngā urupa kai. Whakauru i te matapihi ki roto i te kai i tirohia ai e te kapu.
4. Te Whakamahere : Tukuna tonu atu te kapu ki roto i te kōpū whakapakari i tirohia ai, ā, tiiria mai ki te whakatika pai i mua i te haere.

Te whakapakari i ia raupapa ka whaiwhakaaro te taumata herea tūpono me te iti i te tahuri ki te kawe. Ko te whakarite i nga korero nei ka whakatipu te hiranga o te mutunga, e hiahiatia ana te nuinga o ngā whakatau mōhio.

Kaua e Whakamahi i ngā Hapa Tika ki te Whakawai ā-Tāngata

Ka pēhea ai ngā hapa i roto i ngā raupapa whakawai ā-tāngata, ka horoia te wāriutanga o te whakawai. He mea tika ngā hapa e pa ana ki te whakahaere me te whakarato i te mutunga. Ka tae mai ngā raraunga e whakaatu ana he mea nui ngā hapa nei ki te whakawai, e kuhuna ana i ngā kawe tapu ranei, e horomia ana i ngā mutunga i mua i te whakamātau. Me maumahara ngā tangata ki te whakarite i ngā momo hanga tika:

1. Whakahaere : Kaua e kitea i te totohu rānei, i te kawe rānei me ngā ringaringa tuatahi, e āhei ana tēnā ki te whakauru i ngā kawe tapu.
2. Kawe : Whakarato ngā hoko i ngā wāhi tika; pānui ngā aratohu mō ngā huringa waimātai hei whakaaturanga i te whanonga o ngā hoko.

Ngā rautaki mātauranga, pēnei i ngā whanaunga whakamātau rorohiko rānei ko ngā kapepanui, e āwhina ana ki te whakaputa i ngā tikanga me te whakawehe i ngā hapa. Nā tēnei ka whakanui i ngā mate urutā, ka whiwhi ake i te whakaaetanga, ka tūtohu i ngā hoko pai noa ai te tohu i ngā whakamātau.

Nga Tikanga Whaihua mō te Kawe Hoko Puku

Tikanga Tūhono hei Tautoko i te Tono

Whakamānawa i te whai wāhi i ngā tikanga kawe hūpi a te kaiwhiwhi mō ngā pūtēte rākau tae noa he mea nui ki te tirotiro i ngā hua whakamatau e pai ana. Me whai i ngā porihita i whakaritea hei whakatipu i te pai o ngā taunakitanga me te tohu pai o ngā whakamātau. Whakapakarihia e ngā rōpū hauora te whai i ēnei porihita hei iti i te whakarerekētanga me te whakapai i te pai o ngā hua whakamatau rorohiko. Hei tauira, he rangahau e te Pūtea Tautoko Hauora mo Amerika e whakaatu ana i te mea kārekaea ai te whakarerekētanga i roto i ngā rōpū rawa whare rawa e toru mā te whakarereke i ngā tikanga kawe hūpi. Nā ngā tauira o te ao rēaaliti, pērā i te whakatū i ngā porihita whakarerekē i waenga i ngā whenua rōpū hauora, ka whakaatu i te nui o te mahi nei i ngā take katoa mō te whakamana i ngā hua whakamatau e pai ana.

Ngā Tikanga Whakangungu me te Haumaru i te Matekai

Te whakamana i te manaaki me te haumaru o ngā mate i waenganui i te kawa o te tūtohu ā-waha anu he mea nui. Ka taea e ngā rata te whakapai i te whakamau o te tangata whai oranga mā te whakamahi i ngā tohutohu whakawhiti kōrero e whakaatu ana i te kawa me te whakautu i ngā pūtake hoki. E āwhina tonu enei whakawhitinga ki te whakangaro i te ngawari me te whakapai i te tirohanga. Mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga haumaru matua ka tiakina ngā mate me ngā kaimahi rata. Ko tēnei ka whakauruhia i ngā momo kahu whakahaumanu tika me te whakamana i ngā taiao tapu. Ko ngā whakaaro a ngā mate e paunga tonu ana ki te matauranga me te aronga a ngā rata, e āheinga ana ki te whakatū whakaaetanga me te tino whakatutuki i ngā tino paiheretanga. Ki te whakatika pai i enei mahi, ka whakamahia ai te oranga o te tangata whai oranga me te kawe hoki i ngā huatau pai.

Ngā Ture Whakatere me te Taoka mō te Tirotiro o ngā Hua

Whiriwhiria i ngā Pūnaha Whakatere Tika

Te karo i te mahi tika mo te paetae huarahi he mea nui mo te whakamahinga i te tino otianga o te matihiko, ina whai ake nei i nga mahi whakamahi i nga swab kokoti. He aha noa nga momo paetae e waatea ana, inaianei ko ia katoa ka hangaia hei tirotiro i te orooranga o nga mate i te taenga ki te whakatakoto ki te tirotiro i roto i te raorao. Hei tauira, ko te Paetae Whakatakotoranga Cary-Blair kei te mohio tonu ki te whakahaere pai i nga mate enteric, whakamana i te whakamahinga pai o te whakamataki (Wasfy et al., 1995). Kei te whakahau i nga hunga whakamahara i te wharemate ki te whiriwhiri i nga paetae e tika ana ki nga whakamataki e whakamahia ana. Ko te Pūtahitanga Maramataka ā-Rōpū ā-Matihiko (CLSI) kei te whakarite i nga ture mo nga momo paetae e pā ana ki nga wāhanga ranei o te whakamataki, whakamana i nga tikanga wharemate kia pai ai nga hua.

Whakauru Rawa Kuhu

Te hēnga nui o te whakahaere o te wāhi mea ki te whakamahinga i te pai o ngā āhuatanga. E taea ana ngā pūngao kōwhiriwhiri ki te whakarerekētanga, e uaua ana te mati o ngā hua raraunga. Kua tae atu te rangahau i te whakaaturia he mea nui te whakarite i ngā pūngao hei whakamana i te mana whenua o ngā raupapa i roto i ngā wā. Hei tauira, me whakarite i ngā raupapa toroiti i roto i te karaihe Cary-Blair hei noho i waenganui o ngā pūngao 2-8°C hei whakamahi i te oranga ake mō ēnei raupapa i runga i te 48 wiki (CDC, 2019). He mea nui te whakaputa i ngā tohutohu mō te whakariterite i ngā pūngao i waenganui i te haere mai me te noho nei. Me whakamahi i ngā momo hōtaka pērā i ngā kaiwhakarite pūngao hei āwhina i te tirohia i ēnei āhuatanga, hei whakamana i te kaupapa pai o ngā raupapa mai i te kawe ki te tautohetohe.

Ngā Whakawehenga Hou i te Pūmau Raupapa Toroiti

Nga Ratonga Whakauru Arotake

Nō muri i ngā whakamahinga hou ki ngā raraunga tūmatawhānui mō te tirohanga pūtaiao, kua nui ake te mahi me te tohu tika i roto i ngā whakamātau. E ai ki ēnei raraunga, pērā i te VETSCAN IMAGYST, kua waihangatia te kaupapa tirohanga ki ngā hangarau hou o tenei wā, pērā i te ako rokohanga, e whakamanahia ana te tino tika i te tirohanga pūtea. Nā enei hunga whakamua, kua heke iho ngā mahi ringa-ranga, kua tere ake ngā waehanga whakamātau, kia kitea e ngā haere tonu i te wā e hiahiatia ana ngā whakatau tika. He mea kē ki ngā pūrongo whenua, he hanga whatiwhati atu ki te whakamahi tūmatawhānui i roto i ngā whakamātau, nā te hiahia ki ngā whakaeke whakamātau me te iti iho i ngā hapa o te tangata, ko te take i whakapakari ai ngā rarangi whakamātau ki te whakatipu i a rātou raraunga. Ko te hīkaro atu ki enei hangarau he tohu i a rātau nui rawa atu i ngā mahi whakamātau o tenei wā.

Ngā Whakaharahara o Mua i ngā Hangarau Whakamātau

Te tūroa o te mahi i ngā hokohoko kai me ngā whakamātau mōhio ki te wero nui e puta nei, ko ngā hunga hanganga hou hei āwhina, pērā i te māia matihiko. He whakapono a ngā kaiwhakaako i te taea e te matihiko nei te hurihuri i ngā momo whakamātau, nā te whakatipu i te tauaro me te rahi o te whakamātau i runga i ngā hokohoko. Ka tohua he hanga hoki, pēnei i ngā mīkāfueriki me ngā kaupapa hou mō ngā tohu mate, hei whakarite anō i te whakamātau kai, tae atu ki te whakamāoritia i ngā tuhinga matua mō te hauora o te puku. Ko ngā kaihanga rangahau e kite ana i te ao o ngā wehenga omika e whakauru ana i ngā raraunga matua, hei whakapai i te tino tika me ngā paihere tangata. Ko ngā whakaaturanga mai i ngā putake whakapono e paatu ana i ngā hāpai hou e taea ana te whakarerekē i ngā kaupapa whakamātau noa, me te whakamana i ngā rorohiko hei tūhura mō ngā whakangungu hauora.